High-accuracy noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring using OCT angiography-purified blood scattering signals in human skin.

The accuracy of noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) through near-infrared scattering is challenged by mixed scattering signals from different compartments, where glucose has a positive correlation with a blood scattering coefficient but a negative correlation with a tissue scattering coefficient. In this study, we developed a high-accuracy noninvasive CGM based on OCT angiography (OCTA)-purified blood scattering signals. The blood optical scattering coefficient (BOC) was initially extracted from the depth attenuation of backscattered light in OCT and then purified by eliminating the scattering signals from the surrounding tissues under the guidance of a 3D OCTA vascular map in human skin.

Acute and continuous exposure of airborne fine particulate matter (PM): diverse outer blood-retinal barrier damages and disease susceptibilities.

Background: The association between air pollution and retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been demonstrated, but the pathogenic correlation is unknown. Damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, is crucial in the development of fundus diseases.

Objectives: To describe the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM) on the oBRB and disease susceptibilities.

Functional OCT angiography reveals early retinal neurovascular dysfunction in diabetes with capillary resolution.

Altered retinal neurovascular coupling may contribute to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) but remains highly challenging to measure due to limited resolution and field of view of the existing functional hyperemia imaging. Here, we present a novel modality of functional OCT angiography (fOCTA) that allows a 3D imaging of retinal functional hyperemia across the entire vascular tree with single-capillary resolution. In fOCTA, functional hyperemia was evoked by a flicker light stimulation, recorded by a synchronized time-lapse OCTA (i.

Airborne fine particulate matter (PM) damages the inner blood-retinal barrier by inducing inflammation and ferroptosis in retinal vascular endothelial cells.

This study was the first to explore the effect of airborne fine particulate matter (PM) exposure on the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). In this study, retinal vascular permeability and diameter were enhanced in the PM-exposed animal model (1 mg/mL PM, 10 μL per eye, 4 times per day, 3 days), together with observable retinal edema and increased inflammation level in retina. PM-induced cell damage in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Phase Modulation of Photonic Band Gap Signal.

We first investigate the probe transmission signal (PTS) and the four wave mixing band gap signal (FWM BGS) modulated simultaneously by the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift in the photonic band gap (PBG) structure. The switch between the absorption enhancement of PTS and the transmission enhancement of PTS with the help of changing the relative phase and the nonlinear phase shift is obtained in inverted Y-type four level atomic system experimentally and theoretically. The corresponding switch in PTS can be used to realize all optical switches.

Interplay between six wave mixing photonic band gap signal and second-order nonlinear signal in electromagnetically induced grating.

For the first time, we experimentally and theoretically research about the second-order nonlinear signal (SNS) including electromagnetically induced absorbing (EIA) and electromagnetically induced gain (EIG), six wave mixing band gap signal (SWM BGS) resulting from photonic band gap structure in an inverted Y-type four level system with the electromagnetically induced grating. The interplay between the SNS and SWM BGS is illustrated clearly for the first time. When we change the frequency detuning to make the SWM BGS and SNS overlap, the SWM BGS is suppressed and the intensity of SNS is strongest near the resonance point.

Analogy of transistor function with modulating photonic band gap in electromagnetically induced grating.

Optical transistor is a device used to amplify and switch optical signals. Many researchers focus on replacing current computer components with optical equivalents, resulting in an optical digital computer system processing binary data. Electronic transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices.

Observation of the four wave mixing photonic band gap signal in electromagnetically induced grating.

For the first time, we experimentally and theoretically research about the probe transmission signal (PTS), the reflected four wave mixing band gap signal(FWM BGS) and fluorescence signal (FLS) under the double dressing effect in an inverted Y-type four level system. FWM BGS results from photonic band gap structure. We demonstrate that the characteristics of PTS, FWM BGS and FLS can be controlled by power, phase and the frequency detuning of the dressing beams.