Effects of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment on medication adherence and the antidepressant switching rate in major depressive disorder.

Background: In the treatment of depression, medication plays a crucial role. However, insufficient patient adherence to medication often results in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, increasing both the recurrence and rehospitalization rates of depression, and consequently imposing a greater economic burden on the healthcare system.

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the impact of pharmacogenomic testing on medication adherence and antidepressant switching rates among individuals diagnosed with depression.

A multicenter retrospective study of antidepressant use in outpatient clinics in China pre- and post-COVID.

Background: Analyzing antidepressant prescribing in real-world settings can provide clinicians and health policymakers valuable information.

Aim: This epidemiological study examined the status and trends in antidepressant prescribing among the Chinese population from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022.

Method: A retrospective study was conducted in three hospitals.

Coupling Curvature and Hydrophobicity: A Counterintuitive Strategy for Efficient Electroreduction of Nitrate into Ammonia.

The electrochemical upcycling of nitrate (NO) to ammonia (NH) holds promise for synergizing both wastewater treatment and NH synthesis. Efficient stripping of gaseous products (NH, H, and N) from electrocatalysts is crucial for continuous and stable electrochemical reactions. This study evaluated a layered electrocatalyst structure using copper (Cu) dendrites to enable a high curvature and hydrophobicity and achieve a stratified liquid contact at the gas-liquid interface of the electrocatalyst layer.

Revolutionizing Airborne Virus Defense: Electromagnetic MXene-Coated Air Filtration for Superior Aerosol Viral Removal.

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked public health concerns about the transmission of airborne viruses. Current methods mainly capture pathogens without inactivation, leading to potential secondary pollution. Herein, we evaluated the inactivation performance of a model viral species (MS2) in simulated bioaerosol by an electromagnetically enhanced air filtration system under a 300 kHz electromagnetic induction field.

Electrosorption, Desorption, and Oxidation of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) via MXene-Based Electrocatalytic Membranes.

MXenes exhibit excellent conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and high surface area. Particularly, the surface reactivity of MXenes strongly depends on surface exposed atoms or terminated groups. This study examines three types of MXenes with oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine as respective terminal atoms and evaluates their electrosorption, desorption, and oxidative properties.

Strain and Spin-Orbit Coupling Engineering in Twisted WS/Graphene Heterobilayer.

The strain in hybrid van der Waals heterostructures, made of two distinct two-dimensional van der Waals materials, offers an interesting handle on their corresponding electronic band structure. Such strain can be engineered by changing the relative crystallographic orientation between the constitutive monolayers, notably, the angular misorientation, also known as the "twist angle". By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations, we investigate here the band structure of the WS/graphene heterobilayer for various twist angles.

A simple and accurate HFCF-UF method for the analysis of homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine, and glutathione in human blood.

The presence of reduced aminothiols, including homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl-glycine (CG), and glutathione (GSH), is significantly increased in the pathological state. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between reduced aminothiols (Hcy, Cys, CG, and GSH) and different genders, ages, and drug combinations in human blood. The accurate quantification of these reduced thiols in biological fluids is important for monitoring some special pathological conditions of humans.

Effects of a fully enclosed hollow-fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration technique for laboratory biosafety improvement.

Laboratory biosafety has become a core focus in biological analysis, owing to the frequent occurrence of laboratory-acquired infections caused by the leakage of pathogenic microorganisms. For this purpose, the authors developed a safe pretreatment device combining a sealing technique with a direct injection technique. In this study, several bacteria and viruses were used to validate the filtration effect of the invention.

Rapid Growth of Monolayer MoSe Films for Large-Area Electronics.

The large-scale growth of semiconducting thin films on insulating substrates enables batch fabrication of atomically thin electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits without film transfer. Here an efficient method to achieve rapid growth of large-area monolayer MoSe films based on spin coating of Mo precursor and assisted by NaCl is reported. Uniform monolayer MoSe films up to a few inches in size are obtained within a short growth time of 5 min.

Relationship Between the Free and Total Methotrexate Plasma Concentration in Children and Application to Predict the Toxicity of HD-MTX.

High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) can be highly effective as well as extremely toxic. Many drug molecules can bind to plasma proteins to different extents , whereas only the free drug can reach the site of action to exert a pharmacological effect and cause toxicity. However, free MTX concentrations in plasma have not been reported.

Nanoscale Friction Behavior of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Role of the Chalcogenide.

Despite extensive research on the tribological properties of MoS, the frictional characteristics of other members of the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family have remained relatively unexplored. To understand the effect of the chalcogen on the tribological behavior of these materials and gain broader general insights into the factors controlling friction at the nanoscale, we compared the friction force behavior for a nanoscale single asperity sliding on MoS, MoSe, and MoTe in both bulk and monolayer forms through a combination of atomic force microscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Experiments and simulations showed that, under otherwise identical conditions, MoS has the highest friction among these materials and MoTe has the lowest.

Phase Transition in a Memristive Suspended MoS Monolayer Probed by Opto- and Electro-Mechanics.

Semiconducting monolayers of a 2D material are able to concatenate multiple interesting properties into a single component. Here, by combining opto-mechanical and electronic measurements, we demonstrate the presence of a partial 2H-1T' phase transition in a suspended 2D monolayer membrane of MoS. Electronic transport shows unexpected memristive properties in the MoS membrane, in the absence of any external dopants.

A Direct Injection Technique to Improve Biosafety to Analyze Levetiracetam Concentrations in Human Serum and Its Application in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

Background: With the outbreak of COVID-19, it has become very important to improve biosafety measures taken by medical staff. Fewer pretreatment steps correspond to lower chances of infection. The authors established a direct injection technique to analyze levetiracetam (LEV) concentrations in human serum and studied its application in therapeutic drug monitoring.

A fast and simple approach for the quantification of five anti-hypersensitivity drugs in saliva and urine by portable ion mobility spectrometry based on magnetic graphene oxide dispersive solid phase extraction.

Fatal road traffic crashes are often related to multifarious risk factors, among which driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) has been reported as a significantly contributing cause. The first worry about the side-effect of influencing driving drugs is central nervous system adverse reaction, and anti-hypersensitivity drugs are a class of drugs with such side effects meanwhile has been widely used for common allergic diseases thus posing a great challenge to road safety and demanding a rapid and efficient method to detect. In this work, a method based on magnetic graphene oxide dispersive solid phase extraction (MGO-D-SPE) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was firstly introduced for simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, promethazine and terfenadine in saliva and urine matrices.

MoS-enabled dual-mode optoelectronic biosensor using a water soluble variant of -opioid receptor for opioid peptide detection.

Owing to their unique electrical and optical properties, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have been extensively studied for their potential applications in biosensing. However, simultaneous utilization of both optical and electrical properties has been overlooked, yet it can offer enhanced accuracy and detection versitility. Here, we demonstrate a dual-mode optoelectronic biosensor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) capable of producing simultaneous electrical and optical readouts of biomolecular signals.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of 1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde in eliglustat tartrate active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) are a series of compounds that could potentially damage DNA. Therefore, a sensitive method is needed for detection and quantification. The present work described and validated a method for the quantification of one PGI (namely 1,4-benzodioxane-6-aldehyde) in Eliglustat tartrate (EGT) active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) substances using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as sample preparation to remove matrix effect and detected by HPLC-UV.

Atomic-scale patterning in two-dimensional van der Waals superlattices.

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals superlattices comprised of two stacked monolayer materials have attracted significant interest as platforms for novel optoelectronic and structural behavior. Although studies are focused on superlattice fabrication, less effort has been given to the nanoscale patterning and structural modification of these systems. In this report, we demonstrate the localized layer-by-layer thinning and formation of nanopores/defects in 2D superlattices, such as stacked MoS-WS van der Waals heterostructures and chemical vapor deposited bilayer WSe, using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

Controlled Growth of Large-Area Bilayer Tungsten Diselenides with Lateral P-N Junctions.

Bilayer two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials are attracting increasing attention due to their predicted high quality electronic and optical properties. Here, we demonstrate dense, selective growth of WSe bilayer flakes by chemical vapor deposition with the use of a 1:10 molar mixture of sodium cholate and sodium chloride as the growth promoter to control the local diffusion of W-containing species. A large fraction of the bilayer WSe flakes showed a 0 (AB) and 60° (AA') twist between the two layers, whereas Moiré 15 and 30° twist angles were also observed.

Origin of Nanoscale Friction Contrast between Supported Graphene, MoS, and a Graphene/MoS Heterostructure.

Ultralow friction can be achieved with 2D materials, particularly graphene and MoS. The nanotribological properties of these different 2D materials have been measured in previous atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments sequentially, precluding immediate and direct comparison of their frictional behavior. Here, friction is characterized at the nanoscale using AFM experiments with the same tip sliding over graphene, MoS, and a graphene/MoS heterostructure in a single measurement, repeated hundreds of times, and also measured with a slowly varying normal force.

Highly active single-layer MoS catalysts synthesized by swift heavy ion irradiation.

Two-dimensional molybdenum-disulfide (MoS2) catalysts can achieve high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction upon appropriate modification of their surface. The intrinsic inertness of the compound's basal planes can be overcome by either increasing the number of catalytically active edge sites or by enhancing the activity of the basal planes via a controlled creation of sulfur vacancies. Here, we report a novel method of activating the MoS2 surface using swift heavy ion irradiation.

Effect of Synthesis on Performance of MXene/Iron Oxide Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Two-dimensional heterostructures, such as FeO/MXene nanoparticles, can be attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the synergy between high lithium-storage capacity of FeO and stable cyclability and high conductivity provided by MXene. Here, we improved the storage performance of TiCT (MXene)/FeO nanocomposite by confining FeO nanoparticles into TiCT nanosheets with different mixing ratios using a facile and scalable dry ball-milling process. Composites of TiCT -25 wt % FeO and TiCT -50 wt % FeO synthesized by ball-milling resulted in uniform distribution of FeO nanoparticles on TiCT nanosheets with minimum oxidation of MXene as compared to composites prepared by hydrothermal or wet sonication.

Size-Dependent Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Two-Dimensional MXene Flakes.

Two-dimensional (2D) particles, including transition metal carbides (MXenes), often exhibit large lateral-size polydispersity in delaminated colloidal solutions. This heterogeneity results in challenges when conducting fundamental studies, such as investigating correlations between properties and the 2D flake size. To resolve this challenge, we have developed solution-processable techniques to control and sort 2D titanium carbide (TiCT ) MXene flakes after synthesis based on sonication and density gradient centrifugation, respectively.

Thickness-independent capacitance of vertically aligned liquid-crystalline MXenes.

The scalable and sustainable manufacture of thick electrode films with high energy and power densities is critical for the large-scale storage of electrochemical energy for application in transportation and stationary electric grids. Two-dimensional nanomaterials have become the predominant choice of electrode material in the pursuit of high energy and power densities owing to their large surface-area-to-volume ratios and lack of solid-state diffusion. However, traditional electrode fabrication methods often lead to restacking of two-dimensional nanomaterials, which limits ion transport in thick films and results in systems in which the electrochemical performance is highly dependent on the thickness of the film.

Crystalline Bilayer Graphene with Preferential Stacking from Ni-Cu Gradient Alloy.

We developed a high-yield synthesis of highly crystalline bilayer graphene (BLG) with two preferential stacking modes using a Ni-Cu gradient alloy growth substrate. Previously reported approaches for BLG growth include flat growth substrates of Cu or Ni-Cu uniform alloys and "copper pocket" structures. Use of flat substrates has the advantage of being scalable, but the growth mechanism is either "surface limited" (for Cu) or carbon precipitation (for uniform Ni-Cu), which results in multicrystalline BLG grains.