Application of 3D printing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: current status and new insights.

Background And Aims: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting around 25% of individuals with DM. Primary treatment of a DFU involves wound off-loading, surgical debridement, dressings to provide a moist wound environment, vascular assessment, and appropriate antibiotics through a multidisciplinary approach. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is considered an innovative tool for the management of DFUs.

Risk factors of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in Chinese population: A meta-analysis.

Background: The prevalence of ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproduction is notably high, posing a significant threat to the life safety of pregnant women. Discrepancies in published results and the lack of a comprehensive description of all risk factors have led to ongoing uncertainties concerning ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproduction.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the Chinese population and provide a reference for targeted prevention and treatment.

VAMP724 and VAMP726 are involved in autophagosome formation in .

Macroautophagy/autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradative process essential for cell homeostasis and development in eukaryotes, involves autophagosome formation and fusion with a lysosome/vacuole. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins play important roles in regulating autophagy in mammals and yeast, but relatively little is known about SNARE function in plant autophagy. Here we identified and characterized two SNAREs, AT4G15780/VAMP724 and AT1G04760/VAMP726, involved in plant autophagy.

The plant ESCRT component FREE1 regulates peroxisome-mediated turnover of lipid droplets in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings.

Lipid droplets (LDs) stored during seed development are mobilized and provide essential energy and lipids to support seedling growth upon germination. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main neutral lipids stored in LDs. The lipase SUGAR DEPENDENT 1 (SDP1), which hydrolyzes TAGs in Arabidopsis thaliana, is localized on peroxisomes and traffics to the LD surface through peroxisomal extension, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.

Mechanistic insights into an atypical interaction between ATG8 and SH3P2 in .

In selective macroautophagy/autophagy, cargo receptors are recruited to the forming autophagosome by interacting with Atg8 (autophagy-related 8)-family proteins and facilitate the selective sequestration of specific cargoes for autophagic degradation. In addition, Atg8 interacts with a number of adaptors essential for autophagosome biogenesis, including ATG and non-ATG proteins. The majority of these adaptors and receptors are characterized by an Atg8-family interacting motif (AIM) for binding to Atg8.

Thermal stress accelerates mutation rate.

Mutations are the source of both genetic diversity and mutational load. However, the effects of increasing environmental temperature on plant mutation rates and relative impact on specific mutational classes (e.g.

Analysis of Membrane Proteins Transport from Endosomal Compartments to Vacuoles.

Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking to vacuoles play important roles in regulating the homeostasis of plasma membrane (PM) proteins in plant cells. FREE1 (FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1) is a plant-unique component of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery. In free1 mutant plants, PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2)-GFP was found to mislocalize from the PM to the tonoplast.

Review: Selective degradation of peroxisome by autophagy in plants: Mechanisms, functions, and perspectives.

Peroxisome, a single-membrane organelle conserved in eukaryotic, is responsible for a series of oxidative reactions with its specific enzymatic components. A counterbalance between peroxisome biogenesis and degradation is crucial for the homeostasis of peroxisomes. One such degradation mechanism, termed pexophagy, is a type of selective autophagic process to deliver the excess/damaged peroxisomes into the vacuole.

Analysis of Autophagic Activity Using ATG8 Lipidation Assay in .

As a fundamental metabolic pathway to degrade and recycle cellular cargos, autophagy is highly induced upon stress, starvation and senescence conditions in plants. A double-membrane structure named autophagosome will form during this process for cargo sequestration and delivery into the vacuole. A number of regulators have been characterized in plants, including the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and other plant-specific proteins.