GT1 and ZmHB13/VRL1 regulate flower sexual differentiation by modulating jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in maize.

As a typical monoecious plant, maize (Zea mays L.) produces unisexual male and female flowers comprising tassels and ears, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying unisexual flower development remain largely unclear.

Non-sterile fermentation for enhanced lipid production by Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosum using bifunctional benzamide as selective antibacterial agent and unique nitrogen source.

The commercial success of micro-biodiesel is currently impeded by the high lipid production cost. Here, a novel non-sterile lipid fermentation strategy was successfully developed by using bifunctional benzamide as selective antibacterial agent and unique nitrogen source. DCW, lipid concentration, and lipid content reached 24.

Statistical inference and neural network training based on stochastic difference model for air pollution and associated disease transmission.

A polluted air environment can potentially provoke infections of diverse respiratory diseases. The development of mathematical models can study the mechanism of air pollution and its effect on the spread of diseases. The key is to characterize the intrinsic correlation between the disease infection and the change in air pollutant concentration.

Discovery and analysis of the relationship between organic components in exhaled breath and bronchiectasis.

The prevalence of patients with bronchiectasis (BE) has been rising in recent years, which increases the substantial burden on the family and society. Exploring a convenient, effective, and low-cost screening tool for the diagnosis of BE is urgent. We expect to identify the accuracy (ACC) of breath biomarkers (BBs) for the diagnosis of BE through breathomics testing and explore the association between BBs and clinical features of BE.

Inhibition of CYP1A1 expression enhances diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model.

Objective: Wound therapies utilizing gene delivery to the skin offer considerable promise owing to their localized treatment benefits and straightforward application. This study investigated the impact of skin electroporation of CYP1A1 shRNA lentiviral particles on diabetic wound healing in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were made diabetic by injecting STZ and subsequently creating foot skin wounds.

ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 act together to promote stigmatic papilla formation in maize through regulating auxin signaling and ZmWOX3A expression.

Maize silk is a specialized type of stigma, covered with numerous papillae for pollen grain capture. However, the developmental process of stigmatic papillae and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here, we combined the cytological, genetic and molecular studies to demonstrate that three homologous genes ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 play a central role in promoting stigmatic papilla formation in maize.

Uncertainty quantification for the random HIV dynamical model driven by drug adherence.

In HIV drug therapy, the high variability of CD4 T cells and viral loads brings uncertainty to the determination of treatment options and the ultimate treatment efficacy, which may be the result of poor drug adherence. We develop a dynamical HIV model coupled with pharmacokinetics, driven by drug adherence as a random variable, and systematically study the uncertainty quantification, aiming to construct the relationship between drug adherence and therapeutic effect. Using adaptive generalized polynomial chaos, stochastic solutions are approximated as polynomials of input random parameters.

Exhaled breath analysis for the discrimination of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common chronic respiratory diseases. In middle-aged and elderly patients, it is difficult to distinguish between COPD and asthma based on clinical symptoms and pulmonary function examinations in clinical practice. Thus, an accurate and reliable inspection method is required.

Metal-ligand cross-link strategy engineered iron-doped dopamine-based superstructure as peroxidase-like nanozymes for detection of glucose.

Nanozymes are nanomaterials with mimetic enzyme properties and the related research has attracted much attention. It is of great value to develop methods to construct nanozymes and to study their application in bioanalysis. Herein, the metal-ligand cross-linking strategy was developed to fabricate superstructure nanozymes.

Mechanism interpretation of Guhan Yangshengjing for protection against Alzheimer's disease by network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is an effective prescription for delaying progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the ancient Chinese medical classics excavated from Mawangdui Han Tomb. Comprising a combination of eleven traditional Chinese herbs, the precise protective mechanism through which GHYSJ acts on AD progression remains unclear and has significant implications for the development of new drugs to treat AD.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the mechanism of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD through network pharmacology and validate the results through in vitro experiments.

The Excellent Mechanical Performance of Polymer-Coated Ceramsite Particles for Efficient Fracturing: An Explanation from a Surface, Tribological Perspective.

Hydraulic fracturing using micro-particles is an effective technology in the petroleum industry since the particles facilitate crack propagation of the shale layer, creating pathways for oil and gas. A new kind of polymer-coated ceramsite particles (PCP) was generated. The friction and wear properties of the particles under different loads and speeds were also studied.

Identification of Proteome-Based Immune Subtypes of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Analysis of Potential Metabolic Drivers.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, ranking fourth in frequency. The relationship between metabolic reprogramming and immune infiltration has been identified as having a crucial impact on HCC progression. However, a deeper understanding of the interplay between the immune system and metabolism in the HCC microenvironment is required.

CDS-DB, an omnibus for patient-derived gene expression signatures induced by cancer treatment.

Patient-derived gene expression signatures induced by cancer treatment, obtained from paired pre- and post-treatment clinical transcriptomes, can help reveal drug mechanisms of action (MOAs) in cancer patients and understand the molecular response mechanism of tumor sensitivity or resistance. Their integration and reuse may bring new insights. Paired pre- and post-treatment clinical transcriptomic data are rapidly accumulating.

Combining the dynamic model and deep neural networks to identify the intensity of interventions during COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, control measures, especially massive contact tracing following prompt quarantine and isolation, play an important role in mitigating the disease spread, and quantifying the dynamic contact rate and quarantine rate and estimate their impacts remain challenging. To precisely quantify the intensity of interventions, we develop the mechanism of physics-informed neural network (PINN) to propose the extended transmission-dynamics-informed neural network (TDINN) algorithm by combining scattered observational data with deep learning and epidemic models. The TDINN algorithm can not only avoid assuming the specific rate functions in advance but also make neural networks follow the rules of epidemic systems in the process of learning.

Transmission dynamics informed neural network with application to COVID-19 infections.

Since the end of 2019 the COVID-19 repeatedly surges with most countries/territories experiencing multiple waves, and mechanism-based epidemic models played important roles in understanding the transmission mechanism of multiple epidemic waves. However, capturing temporal changes of the transmissibility of COVID-19 during the multiple waves keeps ill-posed problem for traditional mechanism-based epidemic compartment models, because that the transmission rate is usually assumed to be specific piecewise functions and more parameters are added to the model once multiple epidemic waves involved, which poses a huge challenge to parameter estimation. Meanwhile, data-driven deep neural networks fail to discover the driving factors of repeated outbreaks and lack interpretability.

NAD+ biosynthesis metabolism predicts prognosis and indicates immune microenvironment for breast cancer.

The growing evidence implies that tumor cells need to increase NAD+ levels by upregulating NAD+ biosynthesis to satisfy their growth demand. NAD+ biosynthesis metabolism is implicated in tumor progression. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant malignancy in the world.

Dual-Functional Capping Agent-Mediated Transformation of Silver Nanotriangles to Silver Nanoclusters for Dual-Mode Biosensing.

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property, depending on the structure (morphology and assembly) of nanoparticles, is very sensitive to the environmental fluctuation. Retaining the colorimetric effect derived from the LSPR property while introducing new optical properties (such as fluorescence) that provide supplementary information is an effective means to improve the controllability in structures and reproducibility in optical properties. DNA as a green and low-cost etching agent has been demonstrated to effectively control the morphology and optical properties (the blue shift of the LSPR peak) of the plasmonic nanoparticles.

Ultra-Small High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles: Efficient Nanozyme for Enhancing Tumor Photothermal Therapy.

High-entropy alloys nanoparticles (HEANPs) are receiving extensive attention due to their broad compositional tunability and unlimited potential in bioapplication. However, developing new methods to prepare ultra-small high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (US-HEANPs) faces severe challenges owing to their intrinsic thermodynamic instability. Furthermore, there are few reports on studying the effect of HEANPs in tumor therapy.

Recent Advances of Seed-Mediated Growth of Metal Nanoparticles: from Growth to Applications.

Unprecedented advances in metal nanoparticle synthesis have paved the way for broad applications in sensing, imaging, catalysis, diagnosis, and therapy by tuning the optical properties, enhancing catalytic performance, and improving chemical and biological properties of metal nanoparticles. The central guiding concept for regulating the size and morphology of metal nanoparticles is identified as the precise manipulation of nucleation and subsequent growth, often known as seed-mediated growth methods. However, since the growth process is sensitive not only to the metal seeds but also to capping agents, metal precursors, growth solution, growth/incubation time, reductants, and other influencing factors, the precise control of metal nanoparticle morphology is multifactorial.

A cross-sectional study: a breathomics based pulmonary tuberculosis detection method.

Background: Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are usually inaccurate, expensive, or complicated. The breathomics-based method may be an attractive option for fast and noninvasive PTB detection.

Method: Exhaled breath samples were collected from 518 PTB patients and 887 controls and tested on the real-time high-pressure photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Biological nitrogen removal mechanisms during anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Effects of biogas circulation and activated carbon addition.

This study investigated the biological nitrogen removal mechanisms during the anaerobic digestion of swine manure and the effects of biogas circulation and activated carbon (AC) addition. Biogas circulation, AC addition, and their combination increased the methane yield by 25.9%, 22.

An NIR fluorescent/photoacoustic dual-mode probe of NADPH for tumor imaging.

A novel probe was synthesized with a turn-on NIR fluorescent (NIRF)/photoacoustic (PA) response to NADPH, which was successfully applied in both monitoring intracellular NADPH and dual-modal imaging of tumor-bearing mice. It exhibits good potential in studying and understanding the tumor energy metabolism and treatment process related to NADPH.

Detecting latent tuberculosis infection with a breath test using mass spectrometer: A pilot cross-sectional study.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infects a quarter of the world's population and may progress to active tuberculosis (ATB). There is no gold standard for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).