Tankyrases inhibit innate antiviral response by PARylating VISA/MAVS and priming it for RNF146-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.

During viral infection, sensing of viral RNA by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) initiates an antiviral innate immune response, which is mediated by the mitochondrial adaptor protein VISA (virus-induced signal adaptor; also known as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein [MAVS]). VISA is regulated by various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as polyubiquitination, phosphorylation, -linked β-d--acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), and monomethylation. However, whether other forms of PTMs regulate VISA-mediated innate immune signaling remains elusive.

Large Volume Direct Injection Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study between Single and Combinatory Uses of Extract and Notoginseng Total Saponins.

The combination of extract (CTE) and notoginseng total saponins (NGTS), namely, CNP, presents a synergistic effect on myocardial ischemia protection. Herein, comparative pharmacokinetic studies between CNP and CTE/NGTS were conducted to clarify their synergistic mechanisms. A large volume direct injection ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVDI-UHPLC-MS/MS) platform was developed for sensitively assaying the multi-component pharmacokinetic and in vitro cocktail assay of cytochrome p450 (CYP450) before and after compatibility of CTE and NGTS.

[Identification of metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex aqueous extract by UPLC-Qtrap-MS].

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UPLC-QtrapMS) method was established to identify the metabolites in rat plasma,bile,urine and feces after oral administration of Cinnamomi Cortex(CC) aqueous extract. Several survey experiments,such as enhanced mass spectrum scan(EMS),precursor ion scan(PI),neutral loss scan(NL) and multiple ions monitoring(MIM) were applied to search target components,and two separate enhanced product ion(EPI) scans were triggered via information-dependent acquisition(IDA) method to generate the MS/MS spectra. According to the mass spectrometric data collected from reference standards and reported literature,the structures of metabolites were deduced.

Highly Selective Activation of Heat Shock Protein 70 by Allosteric Regulation Provides an Insight into Efficient Neuroinflammation Inhibition.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is widely involved in immune disorders, making it as an attractive drug target for inflammation diseases. Nonselective induction of Hsp70 upregulation for inflammation therapy could cause extensive interference in inflammation-unrelated protein functions, potentially resulting in side effects. Nevertheless, direct pharmacological activation of Hsp70 via targeting specific functional amino acid residue may provide an insight into precise Hsp70 function regulation and a more satisfactory treatment effect for inflammation, which has not been extensively focused.

[A nurse's experience applying Rotter's locus of control theory in a myocardial infarction patient].

This case report shares the experience of one nurse in applying Rotter's locus of control theory in her care of a myocardial infarction patient. Period of care ran from November 23 to December 1, 2007. The author collected subjective and objective data through observations and interviews with the patient in the ward.