Dopaminylation of endothelial TPI1 suppresses ferroptotic angiocrine signals to promote lung regeneration over fibrosis.

Lungs can undergo facultative regeneration, but handicapped regeneration often leads to fibrosis. How microenvironmental cues coordinate lung regeneration via modulating cell death remains unknown. Here, we reveal that the neurotransmitter dopamine modifies the endothelial niche to suppress ferroptosis, promoting lung regeneration over fibrosis.

Effects of metformin, saxagliptin and repaglinide on gut microbiota in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice.

Introduction: There has been increasing evidence that the gut microbiota is closely related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin (Met) is often used in combination with saxagliptin (Sax) and repaglinide (Rep) for the treatment of T2D. However, little is known about the effects of these combination agents on gut microbiota in T2D.

Tumor-associated monocytes promote mesenchymal transformation through EGFR signaling in glioma.

The role of brain immune compartments in glioma evolution remains elusive. We profile immune cells in glioma microenvironment and the matched peripheral blood from 11 patients. Glioblastoma exhibits specific infiltration of blood-originated monocytes expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands EREG and AREG, coined as tumor-associated monocytes (TAMo).

Targeting Endothelial Necroptosis Disrupts Profibrotic Endothelial-Hepatic Stellate Cells Crosstalk to Alleviate Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Chronic liver diseases affect over a billion people worldwide and often lead to fibrosis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a disease paralleling a worldwide surge in metabolic syndromes, is characterized by liver fibrosis, and its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, with no effective treatment available. Necroptosis has been implicated in liver fibrosis pathogenesis.

Galectin CGL1 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Mushroom galectins are promising anticancer agents for their low IC50 values against cancer cells in vitro. In this study, two Coprinopsis cinerea galectins, CGL1 and CGL2, were heterologously expressed, and their biochemistry properties and anticancer effects were evaluated. The purified galectins were thermostable at neutral pH conditions.

Dopamine receptor D2 antagonism normalizes profibrotic macrophage-endothelial crosstalk in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: Currently there is no effective treatment for liver fibrosis, which is one of the main histological determinants of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While Hippo/YAP (Yes-associated protein) signaling is essential for liver regeneration, its aberrant activation frequently leads to fibrosis and tumorigenesis. Unravelling "context-specific" contributions of YAP in liver repair might help selectively bypass fibrosis and preserve the pro-regenerative YAP function in hepatic diseases.

Selective Targeting of Vascular Endothelial YAP Activity Blocks EndMT and Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Kidney Fibrosis.

Kidney fibrosis is accompanied by vascular dysfunction. Discovering new ways to ameliorate dysfunctional angiogenesis may bypass kidney fibrosis. YAP (Yes-associated protein) plays a multifaceted role during angiogenesis.

Sodium iodate induces ferroptosis in human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells.

Sodium iodate (SI) is a widely used oxidant for generating retinal degeneration models by inducing the death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. However, the mechanism of RPE cell death induced by SI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the necrotic features of cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells treated with SI and found that apoptosis or necroptosis was not the major death pathway.

mTORC1-Sch9 regulates hydrogen sulfide production through the transsulfuration pathway.

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide mediates anti-aging benefits of dietary restriction (DR). However, it is unclear how HS production is regulated by pathways related to DR. Due to the importance of mTORC1 pathway in DR, we investigated the effects of Sch9, a yeast homolog of mammalian S6K1 and a major substrate of mTORC1 on HS production in yeast .

Promoting Effect of Crystal Water Leading to Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Heteroaryl Thioether from Heteroaryl Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate, and Alcohol.

It is observed the crystal water in sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (NaSO·5HO) can promote its multicomponent reaction with heteroaryl chlorides and alcohols, providing a facile, green, and specific synthesis of unsymmetrical heteroaryl thioethers via one-step formation of two C-S bonds under catalyst-, additive-, and solvent-free conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the crystal water in NaSO·5HO is crucial in generating the key thiol intermediates and byproduct NaHSO, which then catalyzes the dehydrative substitution of alcohols with thiols to afford thioethers.