Chitosan-alginate/R8 ternary polyelectrolyte complex as an oral protein-based vaccine candidate induce effective mucosal immune responses.

Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases. Oral vaccinations have attracted much attention due to the ability to boost intestinal and systemic immunity. The focus of this study was to develop a poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA)-based ternary polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) with chitosan, sodium alginate, and transmembrane peptides R8 for the delivery of antigen proteins.

Multicomponent Pathogen-Mimicking Nanoparticles Induce Intestinal Immune Responses against Paratuberculosis.

Given the worldwide problem posed by enteric pathogens, the discovery of safe and efficient intestinal adjuvants combined with novel antigen delivery techniques is essential to the design of mucosal vaccines. In this work, we designed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles (NPs) to codeliver all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), novel antigens, and CpG. To address the insolubility of the intestinal adjuvant atRA, we utilized PLGA to encapsulate atRA and form a "nanocapsid" with polydopamine.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Ag85A and truncation of PstS1 fusion protein vaccines against tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem, and the One Health approach is essential for controlling zoonotic tuberculosis. Therefore, a rationally designed and more effective TB vaccine is urgently needed. To enhance vaccine efficacy, it is important to design vaccine candidates that stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity against TB.

Antibodies Targeting the Cell Wall Induce Protection against Virulent Mycobacterium bovis Infection.

Accumulating evidence indicates that antibodies can protect against some intracellular pathogens. Mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular bacterium, and its cell wall (CW) is essential for its virulence and survival. However, the questions of whether antibodies play a protective role in immunity against M.

KLK12 Regulates MMP-1 and MMP-9 via Bradykinin Receptors: Biomarkers for Differentiating Latent and Active Bovine Tuberculosis.

It has been established that kallikrein12 (KLK12) expression is closely related to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) development. Herein, we sought to clarify the regulatory mechanism of KLK12 and its application in tuberculosis diagnosis. KLK12 knockdown macrophages were produced by siRNA transfection.

Gut dysbacteriosis attenuates resistance to infection by decreasing cyclooxygenase 2 to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The role of gut microbiota has been described as an important influencer of the immune system. Gut-lung axis is critical in the prevention of mycobacterium infection, but the specific mechanism, by which dysbiosis affects tuberculosis, has not been reported. In this study, we attempted to provide more information on how the gut-lung axis contributes to () infection.

Intranasal bovine β-defensin-5 enhances antituberculosis immunity in a mouse model by a novel protein-based respiratory mucosal vaccine.

Respiratory mucosal immunization is an effective immunization strategy against tuberculosis (TB), and effective mucosal vaccines require adjuvants that can promote protective immunity without deleterious inflammation. Mucosal BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) is effective, but it causes a severe inflammatory response in the lung. A novel less cytotoxic mucosal vaccine AH-PB containing (Mtb) cell surface antigens Ag85A and HspX (AH), as well as polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) adjuvants were prepared, with the overarching goal of protecting against TB.

BCG vaccination strategies against tuberculosis: updates and perspectives.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). However, BCG has variable efficacy and cannot completely prevent TB infection and transmission. Therefore, the worldwide prevalence of TB calls for urgent development of a more effective TB vaccine.