Establishing the Link Between Oxygen Vacancy and Activity Enhancement in Acidic Water Oxidation of Trigonal Iridium Oxide.

Developing durable IrO-based electrocatalysts with high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity under acidic condition is crucial for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. While oxygen defects are considered potentially important in OER, their direct relationship with catalytic activity has yet to be established. In this study, we introduced abundant oxygen vacancies through Re doping in 2D IrO (ReIrO), demonstrating their decisive role in enhancing OER performance.

Virulence Characterization and Population Structure of f. sp. in Henan Province, China.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), poses a significant threat to wheat production, particularly in Henan province, which produces more than 36 million tons of wheat grain every year, the highest production among all provinces in China.

Development of in vitro oral processing model for different rice: Effects of saliva volume and chewing time on physicochemical properties of rice boluses.

The in vitro model is widely preferred for digestion research due to its simplicity, reproducibility, and ethical advantages. However, the differences between in vivo and in vitro digestion present challenges. This study first developed an in vitro oral processing system to explore the influence of saliva volume and chewing time on the physicochemical properties of japonica rice (JR), indica rice (IR), and waxy rice (WR).

Charge transport channel and nonmetallic plasmon synergistically augment surface reaction kinetics and charge separation for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution of CdS/TiN-sensitized FeVO photoanode.

Achieving simultaneous enhancement in the light energy utilization efficiency, bulk charge carrier separation and surface charge carrier injection efficiency as well as the surface reaction kinetics of water oxidation is a formidable challenge for photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting hydrogen generation. Herein, nanoparticle-assembled flower-like CdS spheres and nonmetallic plasmonic TiN nanoparticles are exploited to successively sensitize FeVO nanoporous film (NPF) photoanode for achieving efficient PEC hydrogen evolution. The sensitization of TiN and CdS simultaneously integrates type-II band structure, surface plasmon resonance and Schottky junction into FeVO NPF photoanode, synergistically achieving simultaneous enhancement in the light energy utilization efficiency, bulk charge carrier separation efficiency, surface reaction kinetics of water oxidation and surface charge carrier injection efficiency.

Edible Coating for Fresh-Cut Fruit and Vegetable Preservation: Biomaterials, Functional Ingredients, and Joint Non-Thermal Technology.

This paper reviews recent advances in fresh-cut fruit and vegetable preservation from the perspective of biomacromolecule-based edible coating. Biomaterials include proteins, polysaccharides, and their complexes. Compared to a single material, the better preservation effect was presented by complexes.

Virulence and Diversity of f. sp. Populations in Northwestern and Southwestern Oversummering Regions of China.

Stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), is the most devastating fungal disease affecting wheat in China, particularly in the northwestern (Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia) and southwestern (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) oversummering regions.

Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Oxidation on the Properties of Cathepsin H and Its Influence in Myofibrillar Proteins Degradation of .

The most frequently occurring protein modification in fish postmortem is oxidization, which further affects meat quality through multiple biochemical pathways. To investigate how hydroxyl radicals affect the structure of cathepsin H and its ability to break down myofibrillar proteins in , cathepsin H was oxidized with 0, 0.1, 0.

Chewing characteristics of rice and reasons for differences between three rice types with different amylose contents.

This study investigated the physicochemical structural changes in different types of rice (japonica rice [JR], indica rice [IR], and waxy rice [WR]) during oral digestion and explored the reasons for differences in oral digestion between the three different types. The results showed that, compared with JR (42.41 ± 3.

Long noncoding RNA NONHSAT122636.2 attenuates myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in myocarditis.

Objective: The main pathological change of myocarditis is an inflammatory injury of cardiomyocytes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely related to inflammation, and our previous study showed that differential expression of lncRNAs is associated with myocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of lncRNAs on the onset of myocarditis.

Monitoring imatinib decreasing pericyte coverage and HIF-1α level in a colorectal cancer model by an ultrahigh-field multiparametric MRI approach.

Background: Excessive pericyte coverage promotes tumor growth, and a downregulation may solve this dilemma. Due to the double-edged sword role of vascular pericytes in tumor microenvironment (TME), indiscriminately decreasing pericyte coverage by imatinib causes poor treatment outcomes. Here, we optimized the use of imatinib in a colorectal cancer (CRC) model in high pericyte-coverage status, and revealed the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) at 9.

Revealing the role of Peg13: A promising therapeutic target for mitigating inflammation in sepsis.

To investigate the role of Peg13 in modulating the inflammatory response in sepsis, we established Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 293T cells and mouse models. Peg13 expression was assessed at various time points after infection using RT-qPCR. The levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified through ELISA.

A Rare Earth Chalcogenide Nonlinear Optical Crystal KLaGeS: Achieving Good Balance among Band Gap, Second Harmonic Generation Effect, and Birefringence.

Midinfrared nonlinear optical (NLO) rare earth chalcogenides have attracted extensive research interest in recent several decades. Employing charge-transfer engineering strategy in the early stage, rigid tetrahedral [GeS] was introduced into rare-earth sulfides to synthesize KYGeS, which had an enlarged band gap while maintaining a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. Based on KYGeS, La was equivalently substituted to successfully synthesize KLaGeS with a stronger SHG effect ( = 1.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based approaches for detecting the efficacy of combining therapy following VEGFR-2 and PD-1 blockade in a colon cancer model.

Background: Angiogenesis inhibitors have been identified to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in recent studies. However, the delayed therapeutic effect of immunotherapy poses challenges in treatment planning. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential of non-invasive imaging techniques, specifically intravoxel-incoherent-motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI), in detecting the anti-tumor response to the combination therapy involving immune checkpoint blockade therapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a tumor-bearing animal model.

Effect of hydrocolloids on starch digestion: A review.

Rapidly digestible starch can increase postprandial blood sugar rapidly, which can be overcome by hydrocolloids. The paper aims to review the effect of hydrocolloids on starch digestion. Hydrocolloids used to reduce starch digestibility are mostly polysaccharides like xanthan gum, pectin, β-glucan, and konjac glucomannan.

Effect of tea polyphenols on chitosan packaging for food preservation: Physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and nutrition.

Chitosan packaging has been widely studied for food preservation, the application of which is expanded by the incorporation of tea polyphenols. This paper reviews the influence of tea polyphenols incorporation on chitosan-based packaging from the perspectives of physicochemical properties, bioactivity used for food preservation, and nutritional value. The physicochemical properties included optical properties, mechanical properties, water solubility, moisture content, and water vapor barrier property, concluding that the addition of tea polyphenols improved the opacity, water solubility, and water vapor barrier property of chitosan packaging, and the mechanical properties and water content were decreased.

Is the application of organic fertilizers becoming an undeniable source of microplastics and resistance genes in agricultural systems?

The application of organic fertilizers is becoming an undeniable source of microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils. The complex microbial activity further transfers resistance genes and their host bacteria to agricultural products and throughout the entire food chain. Therefore, the current main focus is on reducing the abundance of microplastics and ARGs in organic fertilizers at the source, as well as managing microplastics and ARGs in soil.

Expedient and divergent synthesis of unnatural peptides through cobalt-catalyzed diastereoselective umpolung hydrogenation.

The development of a reliable method for asymmetric synthesis of unnatural peptides is highly desirable and particularly challenging. In this study, we present a versatile and efficient approach that uses cobalt-catalyzed diastereoselective umpolung hydrogenation to access noncanonical aryl alanine peptides. This protocol demonstrates good tolerance toward various functional groups, amino acid sequences, and peptide lengths.

Four new constituents from the fruits of (Roxburgh) Kurz.

Phytochemical analysis of the fruits of led to the isolation of two new phenylpropanoid-derived glycosides (-), two new geranyl glucosides (-), and nine known compounds (-). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of the sugar moiety was determined by hydrolysis and derivatization.

Identification and functional analysis of circulating small extracellular vesicle lncRNA signatures in children with fulminant myocarditis.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is the most serious type of myocarditis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of FM has not been fully elucidated. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play important roles in many diseases, but any potential role in paediatric FM has not been reported.

Carbon dots tailoring the interfacial proton and charge transfer of iridium nanowires with stress strain for boosting bifunctional hydrogen catalysis.

The effective harnessing of hydrogen energy relies on the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts that facilitate hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) with high catalytic activity. The design of such electrocatalysts requires the consideration of not only the volcano relationship with hydrogen binding energy (HBE) or hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔG) but also the regulation of catalytic kinetics such as interfacial proton/electron transfer. In this work, unique one-dimensional iridium nanowires with compressive stress are successfully prepared and combined with carbon dots (Ir NWs/CDs).

Stable and oxidative charged Ru enhance the acidic oxygen evolution reaction activity in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide.

The oxygen evolution reactions in acid play an important role in multiple energy storage devices. The practical promising Ru-Ir based catalysts need both the stable high oxidation state of the Ru centers and the high stability of these Ru species. Here, we report stable and oxidative charged Ru in two-dimensional ruthenium-iridium oxide enhances the activity.

Polyacetylenes with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity from the medicinal and edible fruits of Cyclocodon lancifolius (Roxburgh) Kurz.

Five new polyacetylene derivatives (1-5), cyclocodonlandiynosides A-E, and eight known analogues (6-13) were isolated and identified from the fruits of Cyclocodon lancifolius. Their structures were established via spectroscopic and chemical methods, including NMR, HRESIMS, enzymatic hydrolysis, Mo(OAc)-induced circular dichroism and sugar derivatization. Compound 1 contains a nitrogenous fragment, which was rarely found in C14 polyacetylenes.

Inoculum Sources of f. sp. for Stripe Rust Epidemics on the Eastern Coast of China.

Stripe rust, a fungal disease caused by f. sp. (), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting wheat production areas worldwide.