Dietary supplementation of flavonoids regulates intestinal immunology and the gut microbiota to improve growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.

(AS) is a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, with calycosin as its main isoflavonoid. Our previous study discovered that calycosin triggers host defense peptide (HDP) production in IPEC-J2 cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the alleviation effects of AS total flavone and AS calycosin on growth performance, intestinal immunity, and microflora in weaned piglets.

Browning inhibition in fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut under high pressure CO treatment: Regulation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid metabolism.

Fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut (CWC) was treated with high pressure CO (HPCD) to inhibit the browning reactions, and the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study. Results showed that HPCD at 2 MPa pressure significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, leading to decreased malondialdehyde and HO contents in surface tissue. Moreover, HPCD could reduce total phenols/flavonoids content of surface tissue.

Oligochitosan-based nanovesicles for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment via the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 regulatory loop.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a common chronic liver disease worldwide. By now, however, there isn't any FDA-approved specific drug for NAFLD treatment. It has been noticed that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), miR-34a and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is related to the occurrence and development of NAFLD.

Self-healing hybrid hydrogels with sustained bioactive components release for guided bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely used in treating oral bone defects to exclude the influence of non-osteogenic tissue on the bone healing process. The traditional method of GBR with a titanium mesh to treat large-area bone defects is limited by the deficiency of increased trauma and costs to patients. Herein, a bi-layered scaffold for GBR composed of a fiber barrier layer and a self-healing hydrogel repair layer is successfully fabricated.

Hepatic MDM2 Causes Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Blocking Triglyceride-VLDL Secretion via ApoB Degradation.

Dysfunctional triglyceride-very low-density lipoprotein (TG-VLDL) metabolism is linked to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD); however, the underlying cause remains unclear. The study shows that hepatic E3 ubiquitin ligase murine double minute 2 (MDM2) controls MAFLD by blocking TG-VLDL secretion. A remarkable upregulation of MDM2 is observed in the livers of human and mouse models with different levels of severity of MAFLD.

Eugenol treatment delays the flesh browning of fresh-cut water chestnut () through regulating the metabolisms of phenolics and reactive oxygen species.

The potential mechanism behind the browning inhibition in fresh-cut water chestnuts (FWC) after eugenol (EUG) treatment was investigated by comparing the difference in browning behavior between surface and inner tissues. EUG treatment was found to inactivate browning-related enzymes and reduce phenolic contents in surface tissue. Molecular docking further confirmed the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding between EUG and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).

Anti-inflammatory phytochemicals for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: Lessons learned and future promise.

Diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) and its various complications continue to place a huge burden on global medical resources, despite the availability of numerous drugs that successfully lower blood glucose levels. The major challenging issue in diabetes management is the prevention of various complications that remain the leading cause of diabetes-related mortality. Moreover, the limited long-term durability of monotherapy and undesirable side effects of currently used anti-diabetic drugs underlie the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Design and synthesis of pinane oxime derivatives as novel anti-influenza agents.

Parasitic characteristics, mutations and resistance of influenza A virus make it difficult for current influenza antiviral drugs to maintain long-term effectiveness. Currently, to design non-adamantane compounds targeting the S31N mutant of M2 proton channel is a promising direction for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs. In our previous research, a pinanamine-based antiviral M090 was discovered to target hemagglutinin instead of M2, with its structure being highly similar to reported M2-S31N inhibitors.