regulates fatty acid metabolism and proliferation at the Pre-B cell stage during B cell development.

During B cell development in bone marrow, large precursor B cells (large Pre-B cells) proliferate rapidly, exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into non-proliferative (quiescent) small Pre-B cells. Dysregulation of this process may result in the failure to produce functional B cells and pose a risk of leukemic transformation. Here, we report that AT rich interacting domain 5B (), a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) risk gene, regulates B cell development at the Pre-B stage.

Total marrow irradiation reduces organ damage and enhances tissue repair with the potential to increase the targeted dose of bone marrow in both young and old mice.

Total body irradiation (TBI) is a commonly used conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT), but dose heterogeneity and long-term organ toxicity pose significant challenges. Total marrow irradiation (TMI), an evolving radiation conditioning regimen for HCT can overcome the limitations of TBI by delivering the prescribed dose targeted to the bone marrow (BM) while sparing organs at risk. Recently, our group demonstrated that TMI up to 20 Gy in relapsed/refractory AML patients was feasible and efficacious, significantly improving 2-year overall survival compared to the standard treatment.

Lcn2 mediates adipocyte-muscle-tumor communication and hypothermia in pancreatic cancer cachexia.

Objective: Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ. When activated by cancer cells, adipocytes secrete adipocytokines and release fatty acids, which are then transferred to cancer cells and used for structural and biochemical support. How this metabolic symbiosis between cancer cells and adipocytes affects skeletal muscle and thermogenesis during cancer cachexia is unknown.

MicroRNA-494-3p inhibits formation of fast oxidative muscle fibres by targeting E1A-binding protein p300 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells.

MYOD-induced microRNA-494-3p expression inhibits fast oxidative myotube formation by downregulating myosin heavy chain 2 (MYH2) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) during skeletal myogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating MYH2 expression via miR-494-3p remain unknown. Here, using bioinformatic analyses, we show that miR-494-3p potentially targets the transcript of the E1A-binding protein p300 at its 3'-untranslated region (UTR).

MiR-494-3p regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis through PGC1-α signalling in beige adipocytes.

Mitochondria are critical in heat generation in brown and beige adipocytes. Mitochondrial number and function are regulated in response to external stimuli, such as cold exposure and β3 adrenergic receptor agonist. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis during browning, especially by microRNAs, remain unknown.

Improved glucose metabolism by Eragrostis tef potentially through beige adipocyte formation and attenuating adipose tissue inflammation.

Background: Teff is a staple food in Ethiopia that is rich in dietary fiber. Although gaining popularity in Western countries because it is gluten-free, the effects of teff on glucose metabolism remain unknown.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of teff on body weight and glucose metabolism compared with an isocaloric diet containing wheat.

Lack of O-GlcNAcylation enhances exercise-dependent glucose utilization potentially through AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle.

O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that is characterized by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt). The degree of O-GlcNAcylation is thought to be associated with glucotoxicity and diabetic complications, because GlcNAc is produced by a branch of the glycolytic pathway. However, its role in skeletal muscle has not been fully elucidated.

Pivotal Role of -GlcNAc Modification in Cold-Induced Thermogenesis by Brown Adipose Tissue Through Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Adipose tissues considerably influence metabolic homeostasis, and both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue play significant roles in lipid and glucose metabolism. -linked -acetylglucosamine (-GlcNAc) modification is characterized by the addition of -acetylglucosamine to various proteins by -GlcNAc transferase (Ogt), subsequently modulating various cellular processes. However, little is known about the role of -GlcNAc modification in adipose tissues.

Amla Enhances Mitochondrial Spare Respiratory Capacity by Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Antioxidant Systems in a Murine Skeletal Muscle Cell Line.

Amla is one of the most important plants in Indian traditional medicine and has been shown to improve various age-related disorders while decreasing oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a proposed cause of aging through elevated oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of Amla on mitochondrial function in C2C12 myotubes, a murine skeletal muscle cell model with abundant mitochondria.