OATP1A2 mediates Aβ transport and may be a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an unknown cause. Many studies have suggested that the imbalance between the clearance and accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain of AD patients is the main cause of AD development of AD. Meanwhile, drug transporters play a key role in the transport of drugs and endogenous substances as well as in the development of many diseases.

Effects of Clarithromycin and Ketoconazole on FK506 Metabolism in Different CYP3A4 Genotype Recombinant Metabolic Enzyme Systems.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of clarithromycin and ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetic properties of tacrolimus in different CYP3A4 genotype recombinant metabolic enzyme systems, so as to understand the drug interactions and their mechanisms further.

Method: The experiment was divided into three groups: a blank control group, CYP3A4*1 group and CYP3A4*18 recombinant enzyme group. Each group was added with tacrolimus (FK506) of a series of concentrations.

Case report: A rare multidrug-resistant causes fatal neonatal meningoencephalitis.

Neonatal meningitis is rare but devastating disease. Multidrug-resistant (MDR, multi-drug resistant) bacteria are a major global health risk. We report an meningitis isolate with multiple resistance patterns and unusual serotype (O75) that caused sudden neonatal death.

Anomalous ionic transport in tunable angstrom-size water films on silica.

Liquid and ionic transport through nanometric structures is central to many phenomena, ranging from cellular exchanges to water resource management or green energy conversion. While pushing down toward molecular scales progressively unveils novel transport behaviors, reaching ultimate confinement in controlled systems remains challenging and has often involved 2D Van der Waals materials. Here, we propose an alternative route which circumvents demanding nanofabrication steps, partially releases material constraints, and offers continuously tunable molecular confinement.

Dental Materials Applied to 3D and 4D Printing Technologies: A Review.

As computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have matured, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials suitable for dentistry have attracted considerable research interest, owing to their high efficiency and low cost for clinical treatment. Three-dimensional printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has developed rapidly over the last forty years, with gradual application in various fields from industry to dental sciences. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, defined as the fabrication of complex spontaneous structures that change over time in response to external stimuli in expected ways, includes the increasingly popular bioprinting.

Effects of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and expression of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein in rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in rats and better understand its mechanism. In the control group (n = 6), rats received a single oral dose of 1 mg tacrolimus on day 6. In the experimental group (n = 6), rats received 0.

MSC-EXO and tempol ameliorate bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborn rats by activating HIF-1α.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature infants and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the effect of the combination of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) and tempol on BPD and analyzes its mechanism.

Methods: MSC-EXO was extracted by centrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot analysis (WB).

Lithium Cholesterol Sulfate: A Novel and Potential Drug for Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Objective: Recent studies have shown that lithium treatment can reduce symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the present lithium salts clinically available have serious short-term and long-term side effects, requiring frequent monitoring of blood chemistry and plasma lithium levels to avoid toxicity. Consequently, there is a demand for a safer and more effective lithium formulation to treat these diseases.

An overview of three-dimensional imaging devices in dentistry.

Objective: To review four types of three-dimensional imaging devices: intraoral scanners, extraoral scanners, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and facial scanners, in terms of their development, technologies, advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, influencing factors, and applications in dentistry.

Methods: PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar databases were searched. Additionally, the scanner manufacturers' websites were accessed to obtain relevant data.

OATP1B1 Plays an Important Role in the Transport and Treatment Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Sorafenib is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma. It is a substrate for the human OATP1B1. This study is aimed at assessing the role of OATP1B1 in transportation and uptake of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma and how OATP1B1 affects the pharmacodynamics of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo.

Altered gut microbiota correlated with systemic inflammation in children with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multi-systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs mainly in children, and the disturbance of gut microbiota is generally believed to cause a hyperimmune reaction triggering KD. The aim of the study was to investigate the alterations in the fecal microbiota and assess its relationship with systemic inflammation. Totally 30 KD children were enrolled and followed up for 6 months, with another group of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy children as controls.

Tumour necrosis factor-α and myoglobin associated with the recovery time of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients.

Aim: To assess the relationship between clinical parameters and medium term recovery time of coronary artery lesions (CALs).

Methods: In total, 344 Kawasaki disease patients were screened and 311 Kawasaki disease patients were included and followed-up for the next 2 years. Clinical records, clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers were collected for all subjects.

Expression of Oatp2 in the Brain and Liver of Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model.

The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of Oatp2 transporter in the liver and brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. The results showed that the protein expression of Oatp2 in the brain significantly decreased in Alzheimer disease mice. On the contrary, protein expression of Oatp2 in liver tissue of AD mice was significantly higher compared with that in normal mice.

A case report on mother-to-child transmission of Brucella in human, China.

Background: Human brucellosis is endemic in China and commonly occurs through contact with infected animals from working with livestock or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Although rare, human-to-human, and possible sexual transmission, of Brucella has been reported. In this report, we describe a case of likely mother-to-child transmission of Brucella in Hunan Province, China.

Effect of intermittent hypoxia or hyperoxia on lung development in preterm rat neonates during constant oxygen therapy.

Impaired lung development is a major negative factor in the survival of preterm neonates. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of constant oxygen, intermittent hyperoxia, and hypoxia on the lung development in preterm rat neonates. Neonatal rats were exposed to 40% O with or without brief hyperoxia episodes (95% O ) or brief hypoxia episodes (10% O ) from day 0 to day 14, or to room air.

Congenital brucellosis in a Chinese preterm neonate: A case report.

Although extremely rare, congenital brucellosis can occur via perinatal transmission. We report a case of an infant born prematurely at 34-36 weeks' gestation who had pyrexia, shortness of breath, hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. Blood cultures were positive for Gram-negative coccobacilli and Brucella infection was suspected.

Geometrical control of dissipation during the spreading of liquids on soft solids.

Gel layers bound to a rigid substrate are used in cell culture to control differentiation and migration and to lower the friction and tailor the wetting of solids. Their thickness, often considered a negligible parameter, affects cell mechanosensing or the shape of sessile droplets. Here, we show that the adjustment of coating thickness provides control over energy dissipation during the spreading of flowing matter on a gel layer.

Growth and relaxation of a ridge on a soft poroelastic substrate.

Elastocapillarity describes the deformations of soft materials by surface tensions and is involved in a broad range of applications, from microelectromechanical devices to cell patterning on soft surfaces. Although the vast majority of elastocapillarity experiments are performed on soft gels, because of their tunable mechanical properties, the theoretical interpretation of these data has been so far undertaken solely within the framework of linear elasticity, neglecting the porous nature of gels. We investigate in this work the deformation of a thick poroelastic layer with surface tension subjected to an arbitrary distribution of time-dependent axisymmetric surface forces.

Wetting failure of hydrophilic surfaces promoted by surface roughness.

Wetting failure is of vital importance to many physical phenomena, such as industrial coating and drop emission. Here we show when and how the surface roughness promotes the destabilization of a moving contact line on a hydrophilic surface. Beyond the balance of the driving force and viscous resistance where a stable wetting interface is sustained, wetting failure occurs and is modified by the roughness of the surface.

The antihepatic fibrotic effects of fluorofenidone via MAPK signalling pathways.

Background: Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) is a novel pyridone agent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of AKF-PD on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and the involved molecular mechanism related to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, DMN, DMN/AKF-PD treatment and DMN/pirfenidone (PFD) treatment groups.