Metagenomic analysis reveals the linkages between bacteria and the functional enzymes responsible for potential ammonia and biogenic amine production in alfalfa silage.

Aims: To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ammonia (NH ) and biogenic amines (BAEs) formation in alfalfa silage, whole metagenomic sequencing analysis was performed to identify the linkages between functional bacteria and their responsible enzymes in alfalfa silage prepared with and without sucrose addition.

Methods And Results: Genes encoding nitrite reductase (nirB) resulting in NH formation were the most abundant and were mostly assigned to Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Putrescine-related genes, classified mainly to encode ornithine decarboxylase (odcA), were predominantly carried by Escherichia coli, Ent.

An efficient strategy to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of naked oat straw pretreated by Irpex lacteus.

The objective of this study was aiming at developing an efficient strategy to promote enzymatic hydrolysis of naked oat straw and deciphering the potential mechanism. Irpex lacteus and Phlebia acerina were employed to inoculated on the naked oat straw for 4 weeks which the changes of fiber components, fermentation losses, lignin-degrading enzymes production pattern were determined weekly. Furthermore, the 72 h enzymatic hydrolysis of ultimately fermented naked oat straw were also evaluated.

Replacing Alfalfa with Paper Mulberry in Total Mixed Ration Silages: Effects on Ensiling Characteristics, Protein Degradation, and In Vitro Digestibility.

To develop an alternative high-protein forage resource to alleviate ruminant feed shortages, we investigated the effects of replacing alfalfa ( L.) with different ratios of paper mulberry ( L., RY) on fermentation quality, protein degradation, and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage.

Microbial community dynamics during alfalfa silage with or without clostridial fermentation.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and sucrose (S) on clostridial community dynamics and correlation between clostridia and other bacteria in alfalfa silage during ensiling. Fresh alfalfa was directly ensiled without (CK) or with additives (LP, S, LP + S) for 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Clostridial and bacterial communities were evaluated by next-generation sequencing.