The comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome and spleen transcriptome revealed the immunomodulatory mechanism of Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide on immunosuppressed mice.

In recent years, the immunomodulatory efficacy of Dendrobium officinale leaf polysaccharide (DOLP) has attracted much attention, but its potential immunomodulatory mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanism of DOLP to ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice based on transcriptome profiling technology. The results indicated that DOLP significantly mitigated damage to immune organs, regulated the expression levels of inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins, and restored the balance of gut microbiota.

Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on intestinal immunity: An integrated study of network pharmacology, molecular dynamics and in vivo experiments.

Intestinal immunity plays a pivotal role in overall immunological defenses, constructing mechanisms against pathogens while maintaining balance with commensal microbial communities. Existing therapeutic interventions may lead to drug resistance and potential toxicity when immune capacity is compromised. Dendrobium officinale, a traditional Chinese medicine, contains components identified to bolster immunity.

Decomposition of methanol-d on Rh nanoclusters supported by thin-film AlO/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions.

The decomposition of methanol-d (CDOD) on Rh nanoclusters grown by the deposition of Rh vapors onto an ordered thin film of AlO/NiAl(100) was studied, with various surface-probe techniques and largely under near-ambient-pressure (NAP) conditions. The results showed a superior reactivity of small Rh clusters (diameter < 1.5 nm) exposed to CDOD at 5 × 10-0.

Investigating the role of undercoordinated Pt sites at the surface of layered PtTe for methanol decomposition.

Transition metal dichalcogenides, by virtue of their two-dimensional structures, could provide the largest active surface for reactions with minimal materials consumed, which has long been pursued in the design of ideal catalysts. Nevertheless, their structurally perfect basal planes are typically inert; their surface defects, such as under-coordinated atoms at the surfaces or edges, can instead serve as catalytically active centers. Here we show a reaction probability > 90 % for adsorbed methanol (CHOH) on under-coordinated Pt sites at surface Te vacancies, produced with Ar bombardment, on layered PtTe - approximately 60 % of the methanol decompose to surface intermediates CHO (x = 2, 3) and 35 % to CH (x = 1, 2), and an ultimate production of gaseous molecular hydrogen, methane, water and formaldehyde.

Astaxanthin nanoparticles ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by alleviating oxidative stress, regulating intestinal flora, and protecting the intestinal barrier.

This study aimed to develop a novel astaxanthin nanoparticle using gum arabic (GA) and whey protein powder enriched with milk fat globule membranes (MFGM-WPI) as carriers and to investigate its effect and alleviation mechanism on colitis in mice. We demonstrated that MFGM-GA-astaxanthin could improve the bioaccessibility of astaxanthin and cope with oxidative stress more effectively in a Caco-2 cell model. studies demonstrated that MFGM-GA-astaxanthin alleviated colitis symptoms and repaired intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of mucin 2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1.

Regulation of MnO Structural Characteristics by Oxyanions to Boost Permanganate Autocatalysis for Phenol Removal.

Oxyanions, a class of constituents naturally occurring in water, have been widely demonstrated to enhance permanganate (Mn(VII)) decontamination efficiency. However, the detailed mechanism remains ambiguous, mainly because the role of oxyanions in regulating the structural parameters of colloidal MnO to control the autocatalytic activity of Mn(VII) has received little attention. Herein, the origin of oxyanion-induced enhancement is systematically studied using theoretical calculations, electrochemical tests, and structure-activity relation analysis.

Efficient activation of ferrate by Ru(III): Insights into the major reactive species and the multiple roles of Ru(III).

Ferrate (Fe(VI)) has aroused great research interest in recent years due to its environmental benignancy and lower potential in disinfection by-product generation. However, the inevitable self-decomposition and lower reactivity under alkaline conditions severely restrict the utilization and decontamination efficiency of Fe(VI). Here, we discovered that Ru(III), a representative transition metal, could effectively activate Fe(VI) to degrade organic micropollutants, and its performance on Fe(VI) activation exceeded that of previously reported metal activators.

Electrochemical activation of periodate with graphite electrodes for water decontamination: Excellent applicability and selective oxidation mechanism.

Advanced oxidation technologies based on periodate (PI, IO) have garnered significant attention in water decontamination. In this work, we found that electrochemical activation using graphite electrodes (E-GP) can significantly accelerate the degradation of micropollutants by PI. The E-GP/PI system achieved almost complete removal of bisphenol A (BPA) within 15 min, exhibited unprecedented pH tolerance ranging from pH 3.

Decomposition of methanol-d4 on a thin film of Al2O3/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions.

We have studied the decomposition of methanol-d4 on thin film Al2O3/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions, with varied surface-probe techniques and calculations based on density-functional theory. Methanol-d4 neither adsorbed nor reacted on Al2O3/NiAl(100) at 400 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, whereas they dehydrogenated, largely to methoxy-d3 (CD3O*, * denoting adsorbates) and formaldehyde-d2 (CD2O*), on the surface when the methanol-d4 partial pressure was increased to 10-3 mbar and above. The dehydrogenation was facilitated by hydroxyl (OH* or OD*) from the dissociation of little co-adsorbed water; a small fraction of CD2O* interacted further with OH* (OD*) to form, via intermediate CD2OOH* (CD2OOD*), formic acid (DCOOH* or DCOOD*).

Insight into the electron transfer regime of periodate activation on MnO: The critical role of surface Mn(IV).

At present, the potential mechanism of manganese oxide (MnO) activation of PI and the key active sites of PI activation are still unclear and controversial. To this end, three different crystal forms of MnO were prepared in this study and used to activate PI to degrade pollutants. The results showed that different crystal types of MnO showed different catalytic abilities, and the order was γ-MnO > α-MnO > β-MnO.

Enhancing zerovalent iron-based Fenton-like chemistry by copper sulfide: Insight into the active sites for sustainable Fe(II) supply.

Zerovalent iron (ZVI)-based Fenton-like processes have been widely applied in degrading organic contaminants. However, the surface oxyhydroxide passivation layer produced during the preparation and oxidation of ZVI hinders its dissolution and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, and restricts the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, copper sulfide (CuS) was found to effectively enhance the degradation of diverse organic pollutants in the ZVI/HO system.

Toward Perfect Surfaces of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Ion Bombardment and Annealing Treatment.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are two-dimensional materials exhibiting a variety of unique features with great potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications. The performance of devices fabricated with mono or few-layer TMD materials, nevertheless, is significantly affected by surface defects in the TMD materials. Recent efforts have been focused on delicate control of growth conditions to reduce the defect density, whereas the preparation of a defect-free surface remains challenging.

Removal of Bisphenol A via peroxymonosulfate activation over graphite carbon nitride supported NiCx nanoclusters catalyst: Synergistic oxidation of high-valent nickel-oxo species and singlet oxygen.

In this work, a g-CN supported NiCx nanoclusters catalyst (NiCx-CN) was developed, and its performance in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was evaluated. Mechanism investigation stated that although singlet oxygen (O) was formed in the catalytic process, its contribution to BPA elimination was weeny. Interestingly, through the experiment with dimethyl sulfoxide as the probe, it was considered that the high-valent nickel-oxo species (Ni=O), generated after the interaction of NiCx-CN and PMS, was the dominating reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Promoted activity of annealed Rh nanoclusters on thin films of AlO/NiAl(100) in the dehydrogenation of Methanol-d.

Annealed Rh nanoclusters on an ordered thin film of AlO/NiAl(100) were shown to exhibit a promoted reactivity toward the decomposition of methanol-d, under both ultrahigh vacuum and near-ambient-pressure conditions. The Rh clusters were grown with vapor deposition onto the AlO/NiAl(100) surface at 300 K and annealed to 700 K. The decomposition of methanol-d proceeded only through dehydrogenation, with CO and deuterium as products, on Rh clusters both as prepared and annealed.

Graphite (GP) induced activation of ferrate(VI) for degradation of micropollutants: The crucial reduction role of carbonyl groups on GP surface.

The sluggish oxidation kinetics of ferrate (Fe(VI)) at neutral and slightly alkaline pH impedes its rapid abatement of micropollutants in practical application. This work discovers that graphite (GP), a metal-free carbonaceous material, can be a promising material to improve the reactivity of Fe(VI) in the pH range of 7.0 - 9.

Efficient activation of ferrate(VI) by colloid manganese dioxide: Comprehensive elucidation of the surface-promoted mechanism.

Current research focuses on introducing additional energy or reducing agents to directly accelerate the formation of Fe(IV) and Fe(V) from ferrate (Fe(VI)), thereby ameliorating the oxidation activity of Fe(VI). Interestingly, this study discovers that colloid manganese dioxide (cMnO) can remarkably promote Fe(VI) to remove various contaminants via a novel surface-promoted pathway. Many lines of evidence suggest that high-valent Fe species are the primary active oxidants in the cMnO-Fe(VI) system, however, the underlying activation mechanism for the direct reduction of Fe(VI) by cMnO to generate Fe(IV)/Fe(V) is eliminated.

Enhanced ferrate(VI)) oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in water by CaO: The role of Fe(IV) and Fe(V).

Recently, the enhancing role of hydrogen peroxide (HO), a self-decay product of ferrate (Fe(VI)), on Fe(VI) reactivity has received increasing attention. In this study, we found that calcium peroxide (CaO) as a slow-releasing reagent of HO could also enhance the Fe(VI) performance for removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Compared with sole Fe(VI), sole CaO and Fe(VI)-HO systems, the Fe(VI)-CaO system showed higher reactivity to remove SMX.

Dissociation of water on atomic oxygen-covered Rh nanoclusters supported on graphene/Ru(0001).

We studied the dissociation of water (HO*, with * denoting adspecies) on atomic oxygen (O*)-covered Rh nanoclusters (Rh ) supported on a graphene film grown on a Ru(0001) surface [G/Ru(0001)] under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions and with varied surface-probe techniques and calculations based on density-functional theory. The graphene had a single rotational domain; its lattice expanded by about 5.7% to match the Ru substrate structurally better.

Dependence on Size of Supported Rh Nanoclusters in the Dehydrogenation of Methanol- Obstructed by CO.

The size effect on the activity of a catalyst has been a focal issue since ideal catalysts were pursued, whereas that on the degradation of a catalyst, by reaction intermediates such as CO, is little discussed. We demonstrate that the dehydrogenation of methanol- on supported Rh nanoclusters precovered with CO (Rh clusters) was obstructed, indicated by a decreased production of CO and D; the obstructive effect exhibits a remarkable dependence on the cluster size, with a minimum at a cluster diameter near 1.4 nm.

MethHC 2.0: information repository of DNA methylation and gene expression in human cancer.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulator in gene expression and has several roles in cancer and disease progression. MethHC version 2.0 (MethHC 2.

Dependence on co-adsorbed water in the reforming reaction of ethanol on a Rh(111) surface.

We have studied the reforming reaction of ethanol co-adsorbed with atomic oxygen (O*, * denotes adspecies) and deuterated water (DO*) on a Rh(111) surface, with varied surface probe techniques under UHV conditions and with density-functional-theory calculations. Adsorbed ethanol molecules were found to penetrate readily through pre-adsorbed water, even up to eight overlayers, to react at the Rh surface; they decomposed at a probability promoted by the water overlayers. The production probabilities of H, CO, CHCH and CH continued to increase with co-adsorbed DO*, up to two DO overlayers, despite separate increasing rates; above two DO overlayers, those of H, CO and CHCH were approximately saturated while that of CH decreased.