TWK10 relieves loperamide-induced constipation in rats fed a high-fat diet modulating enteric neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota.

Obesity and constipation can alter the intestinal microbiota composition, affecting intestinal barrier integrity, immune function, and metabolic processes. Numerous studies have suggested that and could increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, thus improving the intestinal microbiota composition, mitigating obesity, and protecting the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of TWK10 (TWK10) on gut dysbiosis, obesity, and constipation induced by a high-fat diet and loperamide.

Discovery of potential female-specific biomarkers for major depressive disorder by LC-MS-based metabolomics.

The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher in females than males, emphasizing the need to identify gender-specific biomarkers to improve diagnosis accuracy. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation with 258 samples was conducted to evaluate the discriminative power of potential gender-specific biomarkers for MDD. Eighteen MDD-related differential metabolites have been identified, involving pathways of phospholipids, glycerolipids, fatty acids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, vitamin E, and heme.

Discovery of a cysteine-rich peptide with glycation modification from Achyranthes bidentata Blume.

Cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) are stable molecules that contain multiple disulphide bonds. Various CRPs are found in plants and animals, representing potential compounds for drug development with diverse activities. Modification of CRPs, such as glycation, has attracted increased attention due to its special structural and functional properties.

Bidentatide, a Novel Plant Peptide Derived from Blume: Isolation, Characterization, and Neuroprotection through Inhibition of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors.

Increasing attention is being focused on the use of polypeptide-based N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for the treatment of nervous system disorders. In our study on Blume, we identified an NMDA receptor subtype 2B (NR2B) antagonist that exerts distinct neuroprotective actions. This antagonist is a 33 amino acid peptide, named bidentatide, which contains three disulfide bridges that form a cysteine knot motif.

Plasma nontargeted peptidomics discovers potential biomarkers for major depressive disorder.

Purpose: There are great demands for identifying biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD), a common mental illness with a prevalence of approximately 6%. Finding potential biomarkers to aid MDD diagnosis is in high demand.

Experimental Design: In this study, a combination of pretreatment methods named salt-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and nontargeted peptidomics based on nano-LC-Orbitrap/MS was primarily employed to discover the candidate peptide markers from the plasma of 238 subjects.

Computational exploration of natural peptides targeting ACE2.

Interaction between the SARS-COV-2 (2019 novel coronavirus) spike protein and ACE2 receptors expressed on cellular surfaces initialises viral attachment and consequent infection. Blocking this interaction shows promise for blocking or ameliorating the virus' pathological effects on the body. By contrast to work focusing on the coronavirus, which has significant potential diversity through possible accumulation of mutations during transmission, targeting the conserved ACE2 protein expressed on human cells offers an attractive alternative route to developing pharmacological prophylactics against viral invasion.

Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk improves cognitive function in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: The brain is especially sensitive to diabetes-induced damage. Chronic hyperglycemia can potentially lead to brain dysfunctions, affecting spatial learning and memory.

Results: The type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats were administered TWK10-fermented soy milk water extract (WE) and ethanol extract (EE) for 6 weeks.

Peptides as Potential Biomarkers for Authentication of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng and Cultivated Ginseng of Different Ages Using UPLC-HRMS.

The growth conditions and age of are vital for determining the quality of the ginseng plant. However, the considerable difference in price according to the cultivation method and period of leads to its adulteration in the trade market. We herein focused on ginseng peptides and the possibility of these peptides to be used as biomarker(s) for discrimination of .

[Differential analysis of peptides in C. A. Meyer root by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry].

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based peptidomics approach was developed for evaluating the similarities and differences between peptides in different morphological regions of C. A. Meyer root.

Effect of ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

Wound healing is a highly dynamic phenomenon comprising numerous coordinated steps including homeostasis/coagulation, inflammation, migration, proliferation, and remodeling. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem chronic epidemic that prolongs inflammation in wounds and is associated with impaired healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10)-fermented soymilk on wound healing.

Measurement of ultra-trace level of intact oxytocin in plasma using SALLE combined with nano-LC-MS.

Measurement of peptides such as oxytocin in plasma is a critical challenge in clinical research because of their extreme low concentrations as well as the tremendous interferencing substances co-presented in plasma. In this study, we developed an efficient salt-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) to treat plasma, and then analyzed the samples using nano-LC-MS to quantify intact oxytocin (OT) in human and rat plasmas. Our results showed that the use of SALLE (Isopropanol/KHPO (4 M)) allows efficient removal of various disrupters, including proteins, inorganic salts, and lipids, which helps avoid the risk of blocked capillary columns and matrix effects.

Various Multicharged Anions of Ginsenosides in Negative Electrospray Ionization with QTOF High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

When characterizing components from ginseng, we found a vast number of multicharged anions presented in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) chromatograms. The source of these anions is unclear yet, while ginsenosides, the major components of ginseng, are the main suspected type of molecules because of their sugar moiety. Our investigation using 14 pure ginsenosides affirmed that the multicharged anions were formed by ginsenosides rather than other types of ingredients in ginseng.

Glyceryl 1,3-Dipalmitate Produced from Lactobacillus paracasei subspecies. paracasei NTU 101 Inhibits Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress via Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells.

Glyceryl 1,3-dipalmitate (GD) purified from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties. We determined the effect of GD on oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell death.

Prevention of hypertension-induced vascular dementia by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products.

Context: Numerous etiological studies have established positive clinical association between hypertension and vascular dementia (VaD). Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products have been shown to decrease vascular risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Acute nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acid in vitro: metabolomics study for intracellular metabolic time-course changes.

Time-course metabolic changes of aristolochic acid nephrotoxicity (AAN) was investigated using acute AAN HK-2 model. And the AAN-related biomarkers were selected. In the results, 11 potential identified biomarkers were selected and validated using multivariate method combined with time-course analysis.

[Determination of N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry].

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside and its pharmacokinetics in rat plasma. The chromatographic conditions were optimized. The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(150 mm x 3 mm, 1.

[Application of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to metabolomics study of drug-induced hepatotoxicity].

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a worldwide health issue. And diagnosing the injury in the early stage is still a challenge in clinic. In this study, pattern recognition analysis of the ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) of hepatocytes HL7702 was performed to develop differential metabolites related to hepatotoxicity induced by hepatotoxicants, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), acetaminophen (APAP), emodin, aristolochic acid (AA) and triptolide.

Chemical fingerprint and metabolic profile analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of Gastrodia elata by ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.

The chemical fingerprint and metabolic profile of traditional Chinese medicine is very complicated and has been a great challenge. In the present study, chemical fingerprint of ethyl acetate fraction of Gastrodia elata (EtAcGE) and metabolic profile of rat plasma sample after intragastric administration of EtAcGE (2.5g/kg) were investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS).

Comparative pharmacokinetics of gastrodin in rats after intragastric administration of free gastrodin, parishin and Gastrodia elata extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gastrodia elata Blume, a traditional Chinese herb, was widely used against convulsant, vertigo, paralysis, epilepsy, tetanus, asthma and immune dysfunctions. Gastrodin is one of the major bioactive components of G. elata and it is known for its anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.

Pharmacokinetic study of Gastrodia elata in rats.

The pharmacokinetics of parishin, gastrodin, Gastrodia elata extract and Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule was investigated by intragastric and/or intravenous administration to rats. Parishin was metabolized into nine metabolites after intravenous administration, and the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of parishin and its metabolites (except parishin G and parishin E) increased nonlinearly from 72.5 to 220 mg/kg.

Anti-obesity activity of the water extract of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 fermented soy milk products.

The anti-obesity activity of the water extract of soy milk fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (W101) was investigated. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity in rats, and the effects of daily W101 feeding (8 weeks) were observed.

Metabolomic Responses of Human Hepatocytes to Emodin, Aristolochic Acid, and Triptolide: Chemicals Purified from Traditional Chinese Medicines.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the metabolic responses of human liver cells HL-7702 on chemicals purified from traditional Chinese medicine: emodin, triptolide, and aristolochic acid. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated a dose-dependent toxic effect of emodin, triptolide, and aristolochic acid on HL7702 cells for 48 h. Emodin (14 μM), aristolochic acid (12 μg/mL), or triptolide (18 nM) was individually administrated to HL7702 and cell samples were collected after 48 h for metabolites extraction and analysis.

Analysis of the metabolic profile of parishin by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.

Parishin is a dominant active ingredient originating from Gastrodia elata Blume, and has good neuroprotective effects against brain disorders. In the present study, the metabolic profile of parishin by in vitro and in vivo experiments was investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) combined with an automated MS(E) technique. By comparison with reference compounds, accurate mass measurement, the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the parent drug parishin and gastrodin and relevant bio-transformation knowledge, 14 metabolites (seven hydrolyzates and seven derivatives of gastrodin) were detected and identified in rat plasma and urine after intragastric administration of parishin, including processes of hydrolyzation, oxidation, sulfation and glucuronidation.

A metabolomics study of the inhibitory effect of 17-beta-estradiol on osteoclast proliferation and differentiation.

Estradiol is a major drug used clinically to alleviate osteoporosis, partly through inhibition of the activity of osteoclasts, which play a crucial role in bone resorption. So far, little is known about the effects of estradiol on osteoclast metabolism. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS)-based metabolomics strategy was used to investigate the metabolite response to 17β-estradiol in mouse osteoclast RAW264.