Inhibitory mechanisms of galloylated forms of theaflavins on α-glucosidase.

Theaflavins, oxidation product of tea polyphenols, have demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, which is beneficial in alleviating hyperglycemia. This study found that the inhibition of four monomers of theaflavins on α-glucosidase was related to the presence of the galloyl moiety (GM), with IC values ranging from TFDG (0.26 mg/mL) < TF3'G (0.

Probiotic treatment induces changes in intestinal microbiota but does not alter SCFA levels in peritoneal dialysis patients-a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

The gut microbiota alterations interact with the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics have received wide attention as a potential management in CKD. We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LP N1115) on intestinal microbiota and related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in end stage kidney disease patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Prevalence, Patterns, and Nomogram Model of Intimate Partner Violence Against Mothers During the Child-Rearing Stage: A Family System Analysis in China for Targeted Prevention Strategies.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue affecting many women worldwide. While extensive research exists on IPV during pregnancy and postpartum, there is limited information on IPV against mothers during the critical child-rearing stage, specifically the first three years following childbirth. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of IPV among mothers in China during this stage, identifying associated factors across four family subsystems: individual, husband-and-wife, mother-child, and family context, to guide the development of tailored prevention strategies.

Nutrient allocation patterns in different aboveground organs at different reproductive stages of four introduced species in a common garden in northwestern China.

Introduction: The species is a typical shrub with assimilative branches (ABs) in arid regions in Central Asia. The nutrient distribution patterns at different reproductive stages are of great significance for further understanding the ecological adaptation and survival strategies of plants.

Methods: In the present study, a common garden experiment was employed to avoid interference by environmental heterogeneity.

Putting piezoelectric sensors into Fano resonances.

Piezoelectric resonance sensors are essential to many diverse applications associated with chemical and biological sensing. In general, they rely on continuously detecting the resonant frequency shift of piezoelectric resonators due to analytes accreting on their surfaces in vacuum, gas or fluid. Resolving the small analyte changes requires the resonators with a high quality factor.

Benzothiadiazole-Fused Cyanoindone: A Superior Building Block for Designing Ultra-Narrow Bandgap Electron Acceptor with Long-Range Ordered Stacking.

There are great demands of developing ultra-narrow bandgap electron acceptors for multifunctional electronic devices, particularly semi-transparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for building-integrated applications. However, current ultra-narrow bandgap materials applied in OPVs, primarily based on electron-rich cores, exhibit defects of high-lying energy levels and inferior performance. We herein proposed a novel strategy by designing the benzothiazole-fused cyanoindone (BTC) unit with ultra-strong electron-withdrawing ability as the terminal to synthesize the acceptor BTC-2.

Corrigendum: Differential effects of clopidogrel and/or aspirin on the healing of tooth extraction wound bone tissue.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.

A Review of Factors Affecting Radiation Dose and Image Quality in Coronary CTA Performed with Wide-Detector CT.

Compared with traditional invasive coronary angiography (ICA), coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has the advantages of being rapid, economical, and minimally invasive. The wide-detector CT, with its superior temporal resolution and robust three-dimensional reconstruction technology, thus enables CCTA in patients with high heart rates and arrhythmias, leading to a high potential for clinical application. This paper systematically summarizes wide-detector CT hardware configurations of various vendors routinely used for CCTA examinations and reviews the effects of patient heart rate and heart rate variability, scanning modality, reconstruction algorithms, tube voltage, and scanning field of view on image quality and radiation dose.

Exploration the effective components of Gastrodia elata in improving cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury based on "Spectrum-effect" correlation and zebrafish verification experiment.

Background: Gastrodia elata (GE) has been widely used in clinical practice for many years with the functions of relieving stroke, suppressing liver Yang, dispelling wind and clearing collaterals. Our group's previous experimental studies have proved that GE has therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) (Ding et al., 2022).

O-glycosylation is essential for cell surface expression of the transcobalamin receptor CD320.

CD320 is a cell surface receptor that mediates vitamin B uptake in most tissues. To date, the mechanisms that regulate CD320 expression on the cell surface are not fully understood. In this work, we studied CD320 expression in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 and hepatoma HepG2 cells.

The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets.

Background: Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets.

Results: In this study, we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score, and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-lactate (D-LA) compared to healthy piglets.

Amyloid fibrils for β-carotene delivery - Influence of self-assembled structures on binding and in vitro release behavior.

Two whey protein isolate amyloid fibrils (WPIF) with different structure were prepared, and the effects of these structures on binding of β-carotene (BC) and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. Whey protein isolate (WPI) in water (80 °C, pH 2.0) self-assembled into elongated WPIF (E-WPIF), whereas WPI formed to worm-like WPIF (W-WPIF) in trifluoroethanol.

Mitochondrial genome insights into the spatio-temporal distribution and genetic diversity of Rolfe (Orchidaceae).

Introduction: With its distinctive evolutionary rate and inheritance patterns separate from the nuclear genome, mitochondrial genome analysis has become a prominent focus of current research. Rolfe, a species of orchid with both medicinal and horticultural value, will benefit from the application of the fully assembled and annotated mitochondrial genome. This will aid in elucidating its phylogenetic relationships, comparative genomics, and population genetic diversity.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Metasequoia-Like Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated Cobalt-Silver Catalyst for Stable and Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO ) reduction to ammonia (NH) is a green and efficient NH synthesis technology. Metallic silver (Ag) is one of the well-known electrocatalysts for NO reduction. However, under alkaline conditions, its poor water-splitting ability fails to provide sufficient protonic hydrogen required for NH synthesis, resulting in low NH selectivity.

Acquisition and extinction of active avoidance compulsive-like behavior in mice.

Approximately 90% of adults have ever experienced obsessions, yet less than 3% of them develop OCD. It is hypothesized that excessive fear of negative events contributes to OCD onset and development, which is related to the individual differences in psychopathology and neurophysiology associated with OCD among those who experience obsessions. To explore the hypothesis, this study examined if a fear-inducing aversive footshock could induce compulsive-like lever-pressing behavior in mice, the effects of extinction treatments on the compulsive-like behavior, and how the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the amygdala would be regulated.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of escalating to triple therapy versus switching to dual bronchodilators after discontinuing LABA/ICS in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The latest guidelines discourage the use of long-acting beta-agonists/inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal subsequent treatment after discontinuing LABA/ICS.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and safety of switching from LABA/ICS to triple therapy (LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA)/ICS) or to dual bronchodilators (LABA/LAMA) in COPD patients.

Effect of Upper Robot-Assisted Training on Upper Limb Motor, Daily Life Activities, and Muscular Tone in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Upper limb rehabilitation robot is a relatively new technology, but its effectiveness remains debatable due to the inconsistent results of clinical trials. This article intends to assess how upper limb rehabilitation robots help the functional recovery of stroke patients.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies to explore the effect of upper limb rehabilitation robots on upper limb motor function, muscle tone, and daily living activities.

LIFs-Based Fluorescent Analysis of Silver Ions in Water Using AIEgen-Embedded PVA Hydrogel.

The detection and quantification analysis of silver ions is important to protect human health and improve the level of wastewater treatment. In this work, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel-based sensing material based on an aggregation-induced emission strategy was developed and combined with a portable laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFs) device for the direct detection and quantification of silver ions in water. Considering the requirements of environmental water analysis regarding portability, reliability, and convenience, this fluorescence turn-on strategy was optimized accordingly to ensure the accuracy and stability of the analysis in complex natural water environmental.

Cardiac corin and atrial natriuretic peptide regulate liver glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis.

Background: Cardiovascular function and metabolic homeostasis are closely linked, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Corin is a protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an essential hormone for normal blood pressure and cardiac function. The goal of this study is to investigate a potential corin and ANP function in regulating liver glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis.