Deep learning-based reconstruction improves the image quality of low-dose CT enterography in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Purpose: Lifelong re-examination of CT enterography (CTE) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be necessary, and reducing radiation exposure during CT examinations is crucial. We investigated the potential application of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) in CTE to reduce radiation dose and improve image quality in IBD.

Methods: Thirty-six patients with known or suspected IBD were prospectively recruited to the low-dose CTE (LDCTE) group, while forty patients were retrospectively selected from previous clinical standard-dose CTE (STDCTE) scans as controls.

Long-term outcomes and associated factors of Crohn's disease patients achieving transmural healing based on magnetic resonance enterography: a Chinese retrospective cohort study.

Background: Transmural healing (TH) has emerged as a potential treatment goal for Crohn's disease (CD). However, further research is needed to confirm its benefits and risk factors associated with TH remain unclear.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the value of TH based on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in Chinese CD patients regarding the long-term outcomes and its associated factors.

Cold tolerance SNPs and candidate gene mining in the soybean germination stage based on genome-wide association analysis.

Three QTLs associated with low-temperature tolerance were identified by genome-wide association analysis, and 15 candidate genes were identified by haplotype analysis and gene expression analyses. Low temperature is a critical factor affecting the geographical distribution, growth, development, and yield of soybeans, with cold stress during seed germination leading to substantial productivity loss. In this study, an association panel comprising 260 soybean accessions was evaluated for four germination traits and four cold tolerance index traits, revealing extensive variation in cold tolerance.

MRI radiomics enhances radiologists' ability for characterizing intestinal fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Objectives: We aimed to develop MRI-based radiomic models (RMs) to improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in characterizing intestinal fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with refractory CD who underwent MR before surgery from November 2013 to September 2021. Resected bowel segments were histologically classified as none-mild or moderate-severe fibrosis.

BTA2 regulates tiller angle and the shoot gravity response through controlling auxin content and distribution in rice.

Tiller angle is a key agricultural trait that establishes plant architecture, which in turn strongly affects grain yield by influencing planting density in rice. The shoot gravity response plays a crucial role in the regulation of tiller angle in rice, but the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of the BIG TILLER ANGLE2 (BTA2), which regulates tiller angle by controlling the shoot gravity response in rice.

Construction of 2D/2D ZnInS/NbCT (MXene) hybrid with hole transport highway and active facet exposure boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

In this study, leveraging the tunable surface groups of MXene, the two-dimensional (2D) NbCT with OH terminal (NC) was synthesized. 2D ZnInS (ZIS) nanosheets were prepared with the aid of sodium citrate, enhancing the exposure ratio of active (110) facet. On this basis, 2D/2D ZnInS/NbCT heterojunctions were fabricated to improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance.

A KNOX Ⅱ transcription factor suppresses the NLR immune receptor BRG8-mediated immunity in rice.

Nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are activated by detecting pathogen effectors, which in turn trigger host defenses and cell death. Although many NLRs have been identified, the mechanisms responsible for NLR-triggered defense responses are still poorly understood. In this study, through a genome-wide association study approach, we identified a novel NLR gene, Blast Resistance Gene 8 (BRG8), which confers resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight diseases.

Fe-Co Co-Doped 1D@2D Carbon-Based Composite as an Efficient Catalyst for Zn-Air Batteries.

A Fe-Co dual-metal co-doped N containing the carbon composite (FeCo-HNC) was prepared by adjusting the ratio of iron to cobalt as well as the pyrolysis temperature with the assistance of functionalized silica template. FeCo-HNC, which was formed with 1D carbon nanotubes and 2D carbon nanosheets including a rich mesoporous structure, exhibited outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activities. The ORR half-wave potential is 0.

Ability of Genomic Prediction to Bi-Parent-Derived Breeding Population Using Public Data for Soybean Oil and Protein Content.

Genomic selection (GS) is a marker-based selection method used to improve the genetic gain of quantitative traits in plant breeding. A large number of breeding datasets are available in the soybean database, and the application of these public datasets in GS will improve breeding efficiency and reduce time and cost. However, the most important problem to be solved is how to improve the ability of across-population prediction.

De novo genome assembly of a high-protein soybean variety HJ117.

Objectives: Soybean is an important feed and oil crop in the world due to its high protein and oil content. China has a collection of more than 43,000 soybean germplasm resources, which provides a rich genetic diversity for soybean breeding. However, the rich genetic diversity poses great challenges to the genetic improvement of soybean.

A multi-trait GWAS-based genetic association network controlling soybean architecture and seed traits.

Ideal plant architecture is essential for enhancing crop yields. Ideal soybean () architecture encompasses an appropriate plant height, increased node number, moderate seed weight, and compact architecture with smaller branch angles for growth under high-density planting. However, the functional genes regulating plant architecture are far not fully understood in soybean.

From Sheep Track to Motorway: Supramolecular-Mediated 2D Nanofluidic Channels for Ultrafast Water Transport.

Atomic thick 2D materials hold great potential as building blocks to construct highly permeable membranes, yet the permeability of laminar 2D material membranes is still limited by their irregularity sheep track-like interlayer channels. Herein, a supramolecular-mediated strategy to induce the regular assembly of high-throughput 2D nanofluidic channels based on host-guest interactions is proposed. Inspired by the characteristics of motorways, supramolecular-mediated ultrathin 2D membranes with broad and continuous regular water transport channels are successfully constructed using graphene oxide (GO) as an example.

Fe, N, S co-doped carbon network derived from acetate-modified Fe-ZIF-8 for oxygen reduction reaction.

In this work, potassium acetate (KAc) was added during the synthesis of a Zn-Fe based metal-organic framework (Fe-ZIF-8) to increase the fixed amount of Fe while simultaneously enhancing the number of pores. Electrospinning was utilized to embed KAc-modified Fe-ZIF-8 (Fe-ZIF-8-Ac) into the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mesh, to obtain a network composite (Fe@NC-Ac) with hierarchical porous structure. Fe@NC-Ac was co-pyrolyzed with thiourea, resulting in Fe, N, S co-doped carbon electrocatalyst.

A transformer-based genomic prediction method fused with knowledge-guided module.

Genomic prediction (GP) uses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to establish associations between markers and phenotypes. Selection of early individuals by genomic estimated breeding value shortens the generation interval and speeds up the breeding process. Recently, methods based on deep learning (DL) have gained great attention in the field of GP.

Integrating genome-wide association study into genomic selection for the prediction of agronomic traits in rice ( L.).

Unlabelled: Accurately identifying varieties with targeted agronomic traits was thought to contribute to genetic selection and accelerate rice breeding progress. Genomic selection (GS) is a promising technique that uses markers covering the whole genome to predict the genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBV), with the ability to select before phenotypes are measured. To choose the appropriate GS models for breeding work, we analyzed the predictability of nine agronomic traits measured from a population of 459 diverse rice varieties.

Environmental ammonia analysis based on exclusive nitrification by nitrifying biofilm screened from natural bioresource.

Biofilm-based biological nitrification is widely used for ammonia removal, while hasn't been explored for ammonia analysis. The stumbling block is the coexist of nitrifying and heterotrophic microbes in real environment resulting in non-specific sensing. Herein, an exclusive ammonia sensing nitrifying biofilm was screened from natural bioresource, and a bioreaction-detection system for the on-line analysis of environmental ammonia based on biological nitrification was reported.

Development of SNP marker panels for genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) and its application in soybean.

Unlabelled: A high-throughput genotyping platform with customized flexibility, high genotyping accuracy, and low cost is critical for marker-assisted selection and genetic mapping in soybean. Three assay panels were selected from the SoySNP50K, 40K, 20K, and 10K arrays, containing 41,541, 20,748, and 9670 SNP markers, respectively, for genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS). Fifteen representative accessions were used to assess the accuracy and consistency of the SNP alleles identified by the SNP panels and sequencing platform.

In situ and self-adaptive BOD bioreaction sensing system based on environmentally domesticated microbial populations.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a water quality parameter of vital importance. Rapid BOD analysis methods have emerged to simplify the five-day BOD (BOD) measurement protocol. However, their universal implementations are restricted by the tricky environmental matrix (including environmental microbes, contaminants, ionic compositions, etc.

Asymmetric C3-Allylation of Pyridines.

Asymmetric intermolecular C-H functionalization of pyridines at C3 is unprecedented. Herein, we report the first examples of such transformations: specifically, C3-allylation of pyridines via tandem borane and iridium catalysis. First, borane-catalyzed pyridine hydroboration generates nucleophilic dihydropyridines; then, the dihydropyridine undergoes enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylation; and finally, oxidative aromatization with air as the oxidant gives the C3-allylated pyridine.

Overexpression of CHAF1A is associated with poor prognosis, tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and treatment resistance.

As distinct marker of proliferating cells, chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) was critical in DNA replication. However, there is paucity information about the clinical significance, functions and co-expressed gene network of CHAF1A, the major subunit in CAF-1, in cancer. Bioinformatic analysis of CHAF1A and its co-expression gene network were performed using various public databases.

, a Novel Allele of , Regulates Grain Size and Flag Leaf Angle in Rice.

Grain size and flag leaf angle are two important traits that determining grain yield in rice. However, the mechanisms regulating these two traits remain largely unknown. In this study, a rice () mutant with a large flag leaf angle was identified, and map-based cloning revealed that a single base substitution followed by a 2 bp insertion in the gene resulted in larger grains, a larger flag leaf angle, and higher plant height than the wild type.