Extralobar pulmonary sequestration in children with abdominal pain: Four case reports.

Background: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration (ELS) with torsion is extremely rare, consequently, the diagnosis of ELS with torsion in children presents a challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report four cases of ELS with torsion that presented with abdominal pain, and further review the relevant literature to summarize the clinical features.

Case Summary: Four children presented to our department with abdominal pain.

Adipsin inhibits Irak2 mitochondrial translocation and improves fatty acid β-oxidation to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the myocardium to rely on fatty acid β-oxidation for energy. The accumulation of intracellular lipids and fatty acids in the myocardium usually results in lipotoxicity, which impairs myocardial function. Adipsin may play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of DCM.

Lyonensinols A - C, 24-Norursane-Type Triterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Lyonia doyonensis and Their Potential Anti-inflammatory and PTP1B Inhibitory Activities.

is a deciduous shrub native to high-altitude regions of Asia. So far, there is no report on any chemical and biological properties of . An EtOH extract of twigs and leaves showed inhibitory activities on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells.

Two new monoterpene esters from Dunn roots.

Two new monoterpene esters, illigerates H and I ( and ), and six known compounds actinodaphine (), bulbocupnine (), stephanine (), hypserpanine B (), betulinic acid () and gallic acid () were obtained from the root of Dunn. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of some isolated compounds were assessed.

Laxative Metabolites from the Leaves of .

Three new flavonoids, quercetin-3--6-[methyl-()-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl(1→6]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), kaempferol-3--[methyl-()-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), and quercetin-3--6-[()-4-methoxy-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienoatyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (), and two new alkaloids, 5-dehydroxymethyl-pyrrolemarumine 4″--α-l-rhamnopyranoside () and -methyl--((4--α-l-rhamnopyranoside)benzyl) oxalamide (), together with 45 known compounds (-) were isolated from the leaves of Lam. Among those compounds, 1-octacosanol (), a straight-chain 28-carbon alcohol, exhibited good activity against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice, which is obtained as a laxative constituent from the plant for the first time. In order to have an accurate understanding of the content of compound , a quantification with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was carried out.

Secondary metabolites isolated from Ledeb.

A pilot study on the ethanol extracts of found to have anti--glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities. Subsequent chemical study afforded a new phenylethyl isocoumarin glycoside () and eight known compounds (). The structure of was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations.

Phenylpropanoid and Iridoid Glucosides from the Whole Plant of Hemiphragma heterophyllum and Their alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Three phenylpropanoid glucosides (1:  - 3: ) and one iridoid glucoside (11: ), together with eleven known glucosides, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of . Their structures were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and chemical methods. All compounds except 11: and 13:  - 15: showed varying degrees of -glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Anti-inflammatory monoterpene esters from the stems of .

Two new monoterpene esters illigerates F and G ( and ) together with 5 know compounds illigerate A (), illigerate C (), actinodaphnine (), N-methylactinodaphnine() and N-methyllaurotetanine() were isolated from S. Z. Huang et S.

[Chemical constituents of Cassia siamea].

A total of ten compounds were isolated from the 90% Et OH extract of Cassia siamea by using various chormatographic techniques,and their structures were established as( 2' S)-2-( propan-2'-ol)-5,7-dihydroxy-benzopyran-4-one( 1),chrobisiamone( 2), 2-( 2'-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone( 3), 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone( 4), 2-methyl-5-acetonyl-7-hydroxychromone( 5),3-O-methylquercetin( 6),3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavonone( 7),luteolin-5,3'-dimethylether( 8),4-( trans)-acetul-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronapht halenone( 9) and 6-hydroxymellein( 10) based on the spectroscopic data.Compound 1 was a new compound,and 3,4,6,8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Coumestans from the Roots of Dolichos trilobus.

Four new coumestans dolichosins A - D (1: -4: ) were isolated from the roots of , together with four known compounds: isosojagol (5: ), phaseol (6: ), psoralidin (7: ), and 4″,5″-dehydroisopsoralidin (8: ). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation, mass spectrometric analyses, and the comparison with literature data of related compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds (1: -8: ) was evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.

Vibralactone Biogenesis-Associated Analogues from Submerged Cultures of the Fungus Boreostereum vibrans.

A scale-up fermentation of the fungus Boreostereum vibrans facilitated the isolation of six new vibralactone biogenesis-associated analogues, namely vibralactamide A (1), vibralactone T (2), 13-O-lactyl vibralactone (3), 10-O-acetyl vibralactone G (4), (11R,12R)- and (11S,12R)-vibradiol (5, 6). Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic analyses, specific optical rotation comparison, and Snatzke's method. The biosynthetic pathway for vibralactamide A was postulated.

Two new biphenyls from the stems of Garcinia tetralata.

Two new biphenyls (1 and 2) and three known xanthones (3-5) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of Garcinia tetralata. Structural elucidations of 1-2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. Compounds 1-2 showed anti-rotavirus activities with SI above 10.

Isoprenylated cyclohexanoids from the basidiomycete Hexagonia speciosa.

Nine oxygenated cyclohexanoids, speciosins L-T (1-9) as well as a 5H-furan-2-one metabolite, 5'-O-acetylaporpinone A (10), together with known analogs, speciosins A, B, D, E, F, I and K (11-17), and aporpinone A (18), were isolated from a scale-up cultures of the basidiomycete Hexagonia speciosa. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR. Speciosin B (12) showed significant cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.

N-containing compounds of macromycetes.

This review surveys the chemical, biological, and mycological literature dealing with the isolation, structural elucidation, biological activities, and synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds from the fruiting bodies or the culture broths of macromycetes.

A new isoprenyl phenyl ether riboside from the culture of basidiomycete Laccaria amethystea.

A new isoprenyl phenyl ether riboside, 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)-4-O-alpha-D-ribofuranose benzoic acid methyl ester (1), was isolated from the culture of basidiomycete Laccaria amethystea. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Vibralactones D-F from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans.

Three new metabolites, vibralactones D-F (1-3) were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. The relative configuration of 1 was established on the basis of X-ray diffraction analysis, while the absolute configurations of 1-3 were assigned using a modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 showed weak inhibitory activities against isozymes of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD) with IC(50) values of 85.

Highly functionalized daphnane diterpenoids from Trigonostemon thyrsoideum.

Trigonothyrins A-C (1-3), which are highly functionalized daphnane diterpenoids, were isolated from the stems of Trigonostemon thyrsoideum. Compounds 1-3 represent the first examples of daphnanes with an oxygen-bridged four-membered-ring system, and a linkage mode of 12,13,14-orthoester. Compound 3 was observed to inhibit HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects.

Two new cleistanthane diterpenes and a new isocoumarine from cultures of the basidiomycete Albatrellus confluens.

Two new cleistanthane-type diterpenes, 3alpha,5alpha,8beta-trihydroxycleistanth-13(17),15-dien-18-oic acid (1) and 8beta-hydroxy-18-norcleistanth-4(5),13(17),15-trien-3-one (2), a new isocoumarine, 3R-(2R-hydroxypropyl)-8-hydroxyl-7-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarine (3), along with three known aurovertins, aurovertins B (4), C (5) and E (6), four known polyesters, orbuticin (7), BK223A (8), BK223B (9) and 15G256alpha-2-me (10), and a known isocoumarine, 3R-6-hydroxymellein (11), were isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Albatrellus confluens. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Speciosins A-K, oxygenated cyclohexanoids from the basidiomycete Hexagonia speciosa.

Eleven new oxygenated cyclohexanoids, speciosins A-K (1-11), and aporpinone A (12) were isolated from broth cultures of the basidiomycete Hexagonia speciosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, while the structure of 8 was additionally confirmed by analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.

Derivatives of vibralactone from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans.

Four new natural products possessing vibralactone skeleton, 1,5-secovibralactone (1), vibralactone B (2), vibralactone C (3) and acetylated vibralactone (4), together with known compound vibralactone (5), had been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was suggested to be S by computational methods.