[Inflammatory factors and prostate cancer: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the potential causal relationship between inflammatory factors and PCa using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods: We selected summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (n = 14 824) on 91 inflammatory factors, with PCa as the outcome in the latest 9th edition of FinnGen database for MR analysis. We evaluated the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and PCa using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of such regression models as inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, simple mode (SM), weighted mode (WM) and weighted median estimator (WME), with IVW as the main statistical method for this study.

[Gender-dependent Expression of ERβ in AEC Ⅱ of Fetal Mice Exposed to Arsenic and Estrogen Receptor Antagonist].

Objective: To determine the effects of arsenic and estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182, 780) on the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in alveolar Ⅱ epithelial cells (AECⅡ) of female and male mice.

Methods: Nineteen or twenty day fetus mice were obtained through caesarean section of ICR mice. Purified AECⅡ cells were separated from the female and male fetus,respectively,and confirmed using immunofluorescence staining.

[Identification of the meiotic events in grasshopper spermatogenesis].

The grasshoppers are ideal materials to study various meiotic stages of spermatogenesis due to their easy availability, fairly large chromosomes, and fewer numbers of chromosomes. It is easy to make temporary squash preparation of grasshopper testes; however, it is usually difficult for the beginners to differentiate between stages of meiosis. In view of this, we demonstrated the method of identification of meiotic stages by chromosome number and chromosome conformation, taking spermatogonial meiosis of Locusta migratoria manilensis as an example.