[Pollution Characteristics，Source Analysis，and Activity Analysis of Atmospheric VOCs During Winter and Summer Pollution in Zhengzhou].

In order to study the pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）， continuous monitoring of VOCs in two pollution processes was conducted in June and December 2021 in Zhengzhou. Combined with meteorological conditions， the pollution characteristics， source contributions， and reactivity of VOCs in winter and summer were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the volume fraction of atmospheric VOCs in two episodes were （27.

Association of diabetes, education level, and care dependency with use of temporary vascular access in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Objective: Temporary vascular access (TVA) is frequently used during the first dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is associated with an increased risk of infection, central vein stenosis, and mortality. Here, factors associated with TVA in patients with CKD were explored.

Methods: This study included patients in a single-center CKD care program who initiated long-term renal replacement therapy.