Roles of RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway in HMGB1-Induced Early Changes in Barrier Permeability of Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell.

Background: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) causes microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction during acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis, but the mechanisms have not been well understood. We studied the roles of RAGE and Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) in HMGB1-induced human pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption.

Methods: In the present study, the recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rhHMGB1) was used to stimulate human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs).

Pretreatment of corn cob in [EMIM][OAc] and [EMIM][OAc]/ethanol (water).

High cost and high viscosity of ionic liquid restricted its commercial application in pretreatment of lignocellulose. Water and ethanol were used as additive in [EMIM][OAc] to pretreat corn cob at moderate temperature (< 100 °C). It was found that enzyme hydrolysis (EH) sugar yield was increased with the increase of IL content.