Metabolomic-based analysis reveals bile acid-mediated ovarian failure induced by low temperature in zebrafish.

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish ( ) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging from the thermopreferendum temperature of the species, 27°C, to lower temperatures of 22°C, 20°C, and 13°C over a period of two weeks. Comparative metabolomic (six biological replicates for each temperature) and transcriptomic (four biological replicates for each temperature) analyses were conducted under the four temperature conditions.