A review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity for the genus Geum (Rosaceae).

The genus Geum (family Rosaceae) comprises about 70 species, of which several species have been characterized from Eurasia as notably as folk medicines for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diuretics and astringent. Phytochemical analysis indicated that Geum species produce monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, and others compounds. Additionally, modern studies have found they possess diverse pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular, and antitumor effects.

Insight into the transcriptional regulation of key genes involved in proline metabolism in plants under osmotic stress.

Proline biosynthesis and catabolism pathways are executed by powerful action of specific enzymes that are subjected to environmental fluctuations at the transcriptional level. Previous researches have demonstrated that osmotic stress-induced upstream events can affect the expression of proline metabolism-related genes, which results in adjustable free proline accumulation to protect plant cells from severe damage. Here, we mainly describe the mechanisms for how some key factors, such as transcription factors, ABA (abscisic acid), Ca, MAPK cascades, CK (cytokinin) and phospholipase, in a phosphorylated manner, vividly function in the transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism under osmotic stress.

The prophylaxis functions of Lactobacillus fermentum GLF-217 and Lactobacillus plantarum FLP-215 on ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbiota of mice.

Background: The strong connection between gut microbes and human health has been confirmed by an increasing number of studies. Although probiotics have been found to relieve ulcerative colitis, the mechanism varies by the species involved. In this study, the physiological, immune and pathological factors of mice were measured and shotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms in preventing ulcerative colitis.

Amelioration of Type 2 Diabetes Using Four Strains of Probiotics: Effects on Gut Microbiota Reconstitution-Mediated Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

This study aims to explore the preventive effects and underlying mechanisms of CKCC1858 (CKCC1), CKCC1369 (CKCC2), CKCC1312 (CKCC3), and CKCC1913 (CKCC4) on high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-stimulated type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice. Generally, the results indicated that most of the four probiotics reduced weight loss and liver and pancreas damage, significantly ( < 0.05) improved glucose metabolism by regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), fasting glucose and insulin levels, and increasing expression of glucose transporters.

Dracocephalum moldavica L.: An updated comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and application aspects.

Dracocephalum moldavica, known as Xiang-qing-lan (in Chinese), is a traditional folk medicine, which was commonly used by Mongolian and Xinjiang Uyghurs area. Dracocephalum moldavica has the effects of purging liver fire, clearing stomach heat, hemostasis. It is used for treating insufficient heart and blood, weakened brain function, weak feeling and spirit disease etc.

CKCC1858 alleviates hyperlipidemia in golden hamsters on a high-fat diet modulating gut microbiota.

To investigate the effect of probiotic CKCC1858, LF on the prevention of hyperlipidemia and its correlation with gut microbiota, golden hamsters were fed a high-fat diet alone or in combination with the probiotic for 6 weeks. The results showed that the LF intervention alleviated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and liver damage, as evidenced by the reduced serum lipid profile levels and liver function markers. More importantly, the LF intervention attenuated HFD-induced microbiota dysbiosis by enhancing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and reshaping the metabolic functions of the gut microbiota, likely contributing to its pronounced preventive effects on hyperlipidemia.

Restoring prefrontal cortical excitation-inhibition balance with cannabidiol ameliorates neurobehavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) resulting from viral infections during pregnancy is linked to increased rates of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, the mechanisms underlying MIA-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities remain unclear. Here, we used a poly (I:C)-induced MIA mouse model to demonstrate the presence of multiple behavioral deficits in male offspring.

CKCC1913 mediated modulation of the gut-liver axis alleviated insulin resistance and liver damage induced by type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota disorder. Compared to drug interventions, probiotic interventions may have a more enduring effect without producing any side effects. Thus, the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach for diabetes and other metabolic disorders has gained increasing attention in recent years.

Synchronization stability and multi-timescale analysis of renewable-dominated power systems.

Synchronization is one of the key issues in three-phase AC power systems. Its characteristics have been dramatically changed with the large-scale integration of power-electronic-based renewable energy, mainly including a permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) and a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy and a photovoltaic (PV) generator for solar energy. In this paper, we review recent progresses on the synchronization stability and multi-timescale properties of the renewable-dominated power system (RDPS), from nodes and network perspectives.

Electroacupuncture for weight loss by regulating microglial polarization in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Electroacupuncture (EA) has a weight loss effect, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of weight loss with EA have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of EA on the phenotype of hypothalamic microglia in obese mice. A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were used in this study.

A survey of multi-criteria decision-making techniques for green logistics and low-carbon transportation systems.

With the increasing severity of environmental problems, low-carbon development has become an inevitable choice. Nowadays, low-carbon green sustainable development is influenced by a variety of factors such as social, environmental, technological, and economic development levels, making its development complex, which in turn imposes challenges on decision-makers. In this context, the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in different areas of sustainable development engineering has become a hot topic.

Synchronization stability of power-grid-tied converters.

Synchronization stability is one of central problems in power systems, and it is becoming much more complicated with the high penetration of renewable energy and power electronics devices. In this paper, we review recent work by several nonlinear models for renewable-dominated power systems in terms of multiple timescales, in particular, grid-tied converters within the DC voltage timescale. For the simplest model, a second-order differential equations called the generalized swing equation by considering only the phase-locked loop (PLL) is obtained, which shows a similar form with the well-known swing equation for a synchronous generator in the traditional power systems.

Analysis of Erosion Characteristics and Erosion Mechanism of Polypropylene Fiber Tailings Recycled Concrete in Salt Spray Environment.

Economic development and infrastructure improvement will inevitably lead to the accumulation of construction waste and tailings, which has not only a huge impact on the environment but is also a waste of resources. Recycling these resources and making green concrete is an effective way to solve these problems. In this study, the salt spray erosion characteristics and erosion mechanism of tailings recycled concrete (TRC) with polypropylene fibers were studied through macro and micro methods.

Electroacupuncture promoted intestinal defensins and rescued the dysbiotic cecal microbiota of high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Obesity is currently one of the most important challenges to public health worldwide. Acupuncture has been widely used to treat obesity. However, whether acupuncture regulates intestinal innate immunity via intestinal microbiota against obesity remains to be elucidated.

Study on Carbonization Characteristics and Deterioration Mechanism of Recycled Concrete with Tailings and Polypropylene Fiber.

To improve the deformation performance of recycled concrete with tailings (TRC), its carbonization characteristics and deterioration mechanism with different polypropylene fiber content were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that the fiber had little effect on the compressive strength, which increased first and then decreased, with the optimum content being 0.6%.

Erratum: Origin of amplitude synchronization in coupled nonidentical oscillators [Phys. Rev. E 101, 022210 (2020)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.101.

Sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal patterns in amplitude envelope synchronization.

In this work, amplitude envelope synchronization (AES), as a general phenomenon characterized with highly correlated amplitude envelope but uncorrelated phases and frequencies in coupled nonidentical nonlinear systems, is investigated theoretically and numerically. Two different types of AES patterns, including sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal, are widely observable in coupled periodic and/or chaotic oscillators. They both come from modulation of phase mismatch on amplitude but show different patterns due to different behaviors of phase mismatch.

IL-17 crosses the blood-brain barrier to trigger neuroinflammation: a novel mechanism in nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine.

Background: Chronic migraine places a disabling burden on patients, which is extensively modeled by the nitroglycerin (NTG)-treated animal model. Although the NF-κB pathway is involved in an increase in CGRP levels and activation of the trigeminal system in the NTG model, the relationship between NTG and neuroinflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to optimize a chronic NTG rat model with hyperalgesia and the ethological capacity for estimating migraine therapies and to further explore the underlying mechanism of NTG-induced migraine.

Optimized Neural Network Prediction Model of Shape Memory Alloy and Its Application for Structural Vibration Control.

The traditional mathematical model of shape memory alloy (SMA) is complicated and difficult to program in numerical analysis. The artificial neural network is a nonlinear modeling method which does not depend on the mathematical model and avoids the inevitable error in the traditional modeling method. In this paper, an optimized neural network prediction model of shape memory alloy and its application for structural vibration control are discussed.

How Did Distribution Patterns of Particulate Matter Air Pollution (PM and PM) Change in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Spatiotemporal Investigation at Chinese City-Level.

Due to the suspension of traffic mobility and industrial activities during the COVID-19, particulate matter (PM) pollution has decreased in China. However, rarely have research studies discussed the spatiotemporal pattern of this change and related influencing factors at city-scale across the nation. In this research, the clustering patterns of the decline rates of PM and PM during the period from 20 January to 8 April in 2020, compared with the same period of 2019, were investigated using spatial autocorrelation analysis.

Dynamic Network Characteristics of Power-electronics-based Power Systems.

Power flow studies in traditional power systems aim to uncover the stationary relationship between voltage amplitude and phase and active and reactive powers; they are important for both stationary and dynamic power system analysis. With the increasing penetration of large-scale power electronics devices including renewable generations interfaced with converters, the power systems become gradually power-electronics-dominant and correspondingly their dynamical behavior changes substantially. Due to the fast dynamics of converters, such as AC current controller, the quasi-stationary state approximation, which has been widely used in power systems, is no longer appropriate and should be reexamined.

Origin of amplitude synchronization in coupled nonidentical oscillators.

The origin of amplitude synchronization (AS), or amplitude envelope synchronization, as a peculiar form of strong correlation between amplitudes of oscillators is studied by using a model of coupled Landau-Stuart periodic oscillators. We find that the AS extensively occurs within the traditional phase drift region, and the amplitude correlation does not change with variation of the coupling strength but is dampened with increase of the frequency mismatch. The AS appears only at weak couplings and before the occurrence of phase synchronization (PS), and the oscillator amplitude is modulated by its phase.

Swing equation in power systems: Approximate analytical solution and bifurcation curve estimate.

The swing equation plays a central role in the model and analysis of power system dynamics, including small-signal stability and transient stability. As it has the same form as that in a variety of different disciplines, such as the forced pendulum in mechanics, the classical mechanistic description of superconducting Josephson junctions in physics, and the classical second-order phase-locking loop in electronics, it has aroused general interest in science and engineering. In this paper, its approximate solution of the limit cycle is obtained by means of the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method.