Accelerated Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced NSCLC: A Systematic Review From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Advanced Radiation Technology Subcommittee.

Introduction: Accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy has gained increasing interest for locally advanced NSCLC, as it can potentially increase radiobiologically effective dose and reduce health care resource utilization. Nevertheless, there is sparse prospective evidence supporting routine use of accelerated hypofractionation with or without concurrent chemotherapy. For this reason, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Advanced Radiation Technology Subcommittee conducted a systematic review of prospective studies of accelerated hypofractionation for locally advanced NSCLC.

Palliating hematologic oncologic emergencies with radiation in the age of targeted systemic therapies: three illustrative cases.

Hematologic oncologic emergencies with an urgent indication for radiation are a relatively routine occurrence for the radiation oncologist. As patients are living longer and have multiple treatment options for their relapsed or refractory diseases, it is important that palliative treatments avoid precluding patients from or delaying next-line potentially curative treatments wherever possible. We highlight the following experiences from our clinical practice: newly diagnosed plasma cell disease causing cord compression; life threatening cutaneous lymphoma with tumors covering the majority of the body surface area; and relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) requiring bridging radiation to a mass impinging on the brachial plexus combined with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy.

Outcomes of non-angiosarcoma radiation-associated soft tissue sarcomas of the chest.

Background: Radiation-associated soft tissue sarcomas (RA-STS) are rare complications of patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) and are generally associated with a poor prognosis. Most of the literature surrounding RA-STS of the chest is centered on angiosarcoma. Therefore, we aim to document the management and outcome of patients with non-angiosarcoma RA-STS of the chest.

A PI3K gene expression signature predicts for recurrence in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Introduction: Increasingly, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Although treatment is generally effective, a small subset of tumors will recur because of radioresistance. Preclinical studies suggested PI3K-AKT-mTOR activation mediates radioresistance.

Quantitation of navtemadlin in human plasma and brain tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Navtemadlin is an orally bioavailable small molecule that blocks the protein-protein interaction between murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2) and the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It is being evaluated in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies, both as a single agent and in combination regimens. A sensitive, robust LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantitate navtemadlin in plasma, and this method was also validated using brain tissue homogenate.

Circulating tumor DNA predicts neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy and recurrence-free survival in surgical non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: There is currently a lack of effective biomarkers to evaluate efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been investigated as a non-invasive tool for the assessment of tumor burden and minimal residual disease (MRD). The utility of ctDNA profiling in reflecting NAT efficacy, however, has not been confirmed.

Utility of Circulating MicroRNA-150 for Rapid Evaluation of Bone Marrow Depletion After Radiation and Efficiency of Bone Marrow Reconstitution.

Purpose: Total body irradiation (TBI) is a common myeloablative preparative regimen used in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia patients before allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The inefficient clearance of tumor cells and radiation-induced toxicity to normal tissues is attributed to relapse and morbidity in a significant fraction of patients. Developing biomarkers that indicate an individual's physiological response to radiation will allow personalized treatment and follow-up.

Let-7b-3p inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the BRF2-mediated MAPK/ERK pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype. Overall, current treatments of LUAD are not satisfactory; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. Let-7b-3p is an important member of the let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs), and has not been studied separately in LUAD.

Prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade osteosarcoma: added value of non-tumorous bone radiomics using CT images.

Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of including radiomics analysis of non-tumorous bone region of interest in improving the performance of pathological response prediction to chemotherapy in high-grade osteosarcomas (HOS), compared to radiomics analysis of tumor region alone.

Methods: This retrospective study included 157 patients diagnosed with HOS between November 2013 and November 2017 (age range, 5-44 years; mean age, 16.99 ±7.

Association of Pre- and Posttreatment Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio With Recurrence and Mortality in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objectives: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with mortality in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its association with recurrence in locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC), specifically, is less established. We hypothesized pre- and posttreatment NLR would be associated with recurrence and mortality.

Methods: We studied the association of pretreatment NLR (pre-NLR) and posttreatment NLR at 1 (post-NLR) and 3 months (post-NLR) with outcomes in patients with LA-NSCLC treated with chemoradiation.

Two-miRNA-based finger-stick assay for estimation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose.

Nuclear radiation and radioactive fallouts resulting from a nuclear weapon detonation or reactor accidents could result in injuries affecting multiple sensitive organs, defined as acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Rapid and early estimation of injuries to sensitive organs using markers of radiation response is critical for identifying individuals who could potentially exhibit ARS; however, there are currently no biodosimetry assays approved for human use. We developed a sensitive microRNA (miRNA)-based blood test for radiation dose reconstruction with ±0.

Recurrence After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Although lobectomy remains the standard of care for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, several studies suggest equipoise between lobectomy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). However randomized evidence is lacking. We compared outcomes of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with lobectomy or SBRT.

Pre-treatment serum bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control after stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that low pre-treatment serum bicarbonate, potentially correlating with an acidic and hypoxic TME, predicts for poor outcomes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We included patients with localized NSCLC treated to a biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 100 Gy, with available pre-treatment bicarbonate values within 3 months of treatment.

Pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is associated with overall mortality in localized non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with mortality in several disease sites. We hypothesized that NLR is associated with inferior outcomes in localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Methods: We evaluated the association of pre-treatment NLR, obtained within 6 months of starting SBRT, with overall survival, as well as primary tumor, regional, and distant recurrence.

Identifying patterns of care for elderly patients with non-surgically treated stage III non-small cell lung cancer: an analysis of the national cancer database.

Background: To compare patterns of care for elderly patients versus non-elderly patients with non-surgically treated stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We hypothesize that elderly patients are less likely to receive curative treatments, including concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), compared to non-elderly patients.

Methods: We identified patients from the NCDB between 2003 and 2014 with non-surgically treated stage III NSCLC.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): contemporary insights and advances.

The standard-of-care treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be surgery in the form of lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has evolved as a viable alternative to surgery for medically inoperable patients, achieving excellent local control (LC) with relatively minimal toxicity in standard-risk patients. Nevertheless, the maturation of SBRT has fostered debate regarding its use, technique, dose, and fractionation, particularly in the context of patient- and disease-specific characteristics such as tumor size and location.