Pan AMPK Activation Protects Tubules in Rat Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decline in kidney function and has been associated with excess risks of death, kidney disease progression, and cardiovascular events. The kidney has a high energetic demand with mitochondrial health being essential to renal function and damaged mitochondria has been reported across AKI subtypes. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation preserves cellular energetics through improvement of mitochondrial function and biogenesis when ATP levels are low such as under ischemia-induced AKI.

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase limits de novo NAD synthesis through dietary tryptophan in renal proximal tubule epithelial cell models.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a pivotal coenzyme, essential for cellular reactions, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Depletion of kidney NAD levels and reduced de novo NAD synthesis through the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway are linked to acute kidney injury (AKI), whereas augmenting NAD shows promise in reducing AKI. We investigated de novo NAD biosynthesis using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models to understand its role in AKI.

Trajectories of cognitive decline in different domains prior to AD onset in persons with mild cognitive impairment.

Objectives: To explore the trajectories and the change-points of global and five domain-specific cognitive functions before the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Data was retrieved from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with follow-up from 2005 to 2022. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and those who progressed to AD during follow-up were included.

Longitudinal trajectory effects of different MCI subtypes on general cognitive and daily functions in a population-based cohort of older adults.

Objectives: To identify different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phenotypes based on substantial relative impairment in specific cognitive domains and then characterize the complex process of general cognitive and daily functions over time in older adults with these MCI subtypes.

Methods: A total of 1020 participants with MCI at baseline from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were recruited. MCI subtypes were obtained based on neuropsychological tests in five cognitive domains: memory (M), visuospatial function (V), language (L), processing speed (P), and executive function (E).

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic capability of automated breast ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in breast cancer.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in breast cancer.

Methods: Published studies were collected by systematically searching the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were confirmed.

Functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic superstructures via molecular self-assembly for enhanced uranium extraction.

Effective uranium extraction from water is essential for the development of nuclear power industry and the protection of human health and environment. Nevertheless, it still remains challenging to realize efficient and cost-effective uranium extraction. Herein, a fast and simple method for the direct fabrication of novel functionalized hydrogen-bonded organic superstructures via molecular self-assembly is reported.

Cation-Intercalated Lamellar MoS Adsorbent Enables Highly Selective Capture of Cesium.

Highly selective capture of cesium (Cs) from complex aqueous solutions has become increasingly important owing to its (Cs) indispensable role in some cutting-edge technologies and the environmental mobility of radioactive nuclide (Cs) from nuclear wastewater. Herein, we report the development of cation-intercalated lamellar MoS as an effective Cs adsorbent with the advantages of facile synthesis and highly tunable layer spacing. Two types of cations, including Na and NH, were employed for the intercalations between adjacent layers of MoS.

The Effect of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on the Recovery of Sleep Quality after Sleep Deprivation Based on an EEG Analysis.

Acute sleep deprivation can reduce the cognitive ability and change the emotional state in humans. However, little is known about how brain EEGs and facial expressions change during acute sleep deprivation (SD). Herein, we employed 34 healthy adult male subjects to undergo acute SD for 36 h, during which, their emotional states and brain EEG power were measured.

Screening and identification of genes involved in β-alanine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.

β-alanine is the only naturally occurring β-amino acid, which is widely used in medicine, food, and feed fields, and generally produced through synthetic biological methods based on engineered strains of Escherichia coli or Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, the β-alanine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis, a traditional industrial model microorganism of food safety grade, has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the native l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase was overexpressed in B.

The association of spousal depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults: mediation and moderated mediation analyses.

Objectives: To test whether contagious depressive symptoms mediate the association between spousal depressive symptoms (spousal-DS) and the other spouse's cognitive function, and test the moderated mediation of social activities engagement and sleep quality.

Study Design: A total of 3,230 adults aged ≥60 and one of his/her close relatives were interviewed in 2016 in Xiamen, China.

Methods: Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were measured by MoCA and GDS-15/CES-D-10, respectively.

Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Alliances for Efficient Degradation of PHE: Microbial Community Structure and Reconstruction of Metabolic Network.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a widespread organic pollutant worldwide. In this study, a highly efficient phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading microbial community was enriched from oil extraction soil, which could degrade 500 mg/L PHE within 4 days. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant bacteria in this community at the phylum level were found to be , , and .

One-Pot Synthesis of Rubber Seed Shell-Derived N-Doped Ultramicroporous Carbons for Efficient CO Adsorption.

In this work, a series of novel rubber seed shell-derived N-doped ultramicroporous carbons (NPCs) were prepared by one-step high-temperature activation (500-1000 °C), using melamine as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activator. The effects of the melamine dosage and the activation temperatures on the surface chemical properties (doped N contents and N species), textural properties (surface area, pore structure, and microporosity), CO adsorption capacities, and CO/N selectivity were thoroughly investigated and characterized. These as-prepared NPCs demonstrate controllable BET surface areas (398-2163 m/g), ultramicroporosity, and doped nitrogen contents (0.

Prognostic factors in patients with complete response of the tumour (ypT0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical resection of rectal cancer.

Background: There are only a few studies on the prognosis of patients with complete response of the tumour (ypT0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and radical resection of rectal cancer. The aim of the study was to identify prognostic factors with regard to oncological outcome in ypT0 patients after NCRT and radical resection.

Methods: All ypT0 patients with rectal cancer after NCRT and radical resection between January 2010 and June 2019 were included.

Fabrication of ultramicroporous triphenylamine-based polyaminal networks for low-pressure carbon dioxide capture.

Three triphenylamine-based polyaminal networks (TMPs) with monodispersed ultramicropore (about 0.54 nm) and abundant doped-nitrogen (up to 42.88 wt%) are successfully prepared through the direct polycondensation of triphenylamine-based aldehydes with melamine.

Light transport in homogeneous tissue with m-dependent anisotropic scattering I: Case's singular eigenfunctions solution and Chandrasekhar polynomials.

This paper is the first of two deriving the analytical solutions for light transport in infinite homogeneous tissue with an azimuth-dependent (m-dependent) anisotropic scattering kernel by two approaches, Case's singular eigenfuncions expansion and Fourier transform, as well as proving the consistence of the two solutions. In this paper, Case's method was applied and extended to the general m-dependent anisotropic scattering case. The explicit Green's function of radiance distributions, which was regarded as the comparative standard for the equivalent solution via Fourier transform and inversion in our second accompanying paper, was expanded into a complete set of the discrete and continuous eigenfunctions.

Light transport in homogeneous tissue with m-dependent anisotropic scattering II: Fourier transform solution and consistent relations.

This paper is the second of two focusing on the analytical solutions for light transport in infinite homogeneous tissue with an azimuth-dependent (m-dependent) anisotropic scattering kernel by two approaches, Case's singular eigenfuncions (CSEs) expansion and Fourier transform, and proving the consistence of the two solutions theoretically. In this paper, the analytical solution for the m-dependent truncated scattering kernel was derived via the Fourier transform and inversion, and expanded with the m-dependent generalized singular eigenfuncions (GSEs). Two kinds of GSEs that are defined by Ganapol in the case are extended to arbitrary azimuthal orders and proven to be consistent with CSEs both in expression forms and in intrinsic behaviors.

Aptamer and PNIPAAm co-conjugated nanoparticles regulate activity of enzyme with different temperature.

In this paper, we described a temperature responsive nano-system that can regulate activity of enzyme with different temperature. Temperature responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), with low critical solution temperature of 32°C, was synthesized with thiol modification. PNIPAAm and thrombin aptamer were co-functionalized on the surface of gold nanoparticles for effective regulation of thrombin activity with different temperature.

Genetically encoded protein photocrosslinker with a transferable mass spectrometry-identifiable label.

Coupling photocrosslinking reagents with mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for studying protein-protein interactions in living systems, but it still suffers from high rates of false-positive identifications as well as the lack of information on interaction interface due to the challenges in deciphering crosslinking peptides. Here we develop a genetically encoded photo-affinity unnatural amino acid that introduces a mass spectrometry-identifiable label (MS-label) to the captured prey proteins after photocrosslinking and prey-bait separation. This strategy, termed IMAPP (In-situ cleavage and MS-label transfer After Protein Photocrosslinking), enables direct identification of photo-captured substrate peptides that are difficult to uncover by conventional genetically encoded photocrosslinkers.

Photo-induced coupling reactions of tetrazoles with carboxylic acids in aqueous solution: application in protein labelling.

The photo-induced reactions of diaryltetrazoles with carboxylic acids in aqueous solution were investigated. Besides measuring the apparent second-order rate constant and evaluating the functional group compatibility of these reactions, we further incorporated the tetrazoles into SAHA, leading to a new active-site-directed probe for labelling HDACs in both cell lysates and living cells.

Glycan imaging in intact rat hearts and glycoproteomic analysis reveal the upregulation of sialylation during cardiac hypertrophy.

In the heart, glycosylation is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Cardiac glycosylation is dynamically regulated, which remains challenging to monitor in vivo. Here we describe a chemical approach for analyzing the dynamic cardiac glycome by metabolically labeling the cardiac glycans with azidosugars in living rats.

Genetically encoded cleavable protein photo-cross-linker.

We have developed a genetically encoded, selenium-based cleavable photo-cross-linker that allows for the separation of bait and prey proteins after protein photo-cross-linking. We have further demonstrated the efficient capture of the in situ generated selenenic acid on the cleaved prey proteins. Our strategy involves tagging the selenenic acid with an alkyne-containing dimethoxyaniline molecule and subsequently labeling with an azide-bearing fluorophore or biotin probe.

Proteomic profiling of infiltrating ductal carcinoma reveals increased cellular interactions with tissue microenvironment.

Progression of invasive carcinoma involves the deregulation of molecular signaling pathways that results in the acquisition of oncogenic phenotypes. Functional enrichment analysis allows for the identification of deregulated pathways from omics scale expression data. Given the importance of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms on protein expression and function, identification of deregulated pathways on the basis of protein expression data is likely to provide new insights.

Low abundance protein enrichment for discovery of candidate plasma protein biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer.

Molecular biomarkers of early stage breast cancer may improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Plasma biomarkers have additional value in that they can be monitored with minimal invasiveness. Plasma biomarker discovery by genome-wide proteomic methods is impeded by the wide dynamic range of protein abundance and the heterogeneity of protein expression in healthy and disease populations which requires the analysis of a large number of samples.