Peroxiredoxin 4 Ameliorates T-2 Toxin-Induced Growth Retardation in GH3 Cells by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

T-2 toxin, a highly toxic type A trichothecene, is a secondary fungal metabolite produced by various Fusarium species. The consumption of food and feed contaminated with T-2 toxin is a major factor contributing to growth retardation, posing significant risks to both human and animal health. However, the specific targets and mechanisms that mitigate T-2 toxin-induced growth retardation remain unclear.

Identification of Key Genes in Fetal Gut Development at Single-Cell Level by Exploiting Machine Learning Techniques.

The study of fetal gut development is critical due to its substantial influence on immediate neonatal and long-term adult health. Current research largely focuses on microbiome colonization, gut immunity, and barrier function, alongside the impact of external factors on these phenomena. Limited research has been dedicated to the categorization of developing fetal gut cells.

Energy Minimization for IRS-Assisted SWIPT-MEC System.

With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT) era, IoT devices may face limitations in battery capacity and computational capability. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and mobile edge computing (MEC) have emerged as promising technologies to address these challenges. Due to wireless channel fading and susceptibility to obstacles, this paper introduces intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) to enhance the spectral and energy efficiency of wireless networks.

Characterizing interactions of endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins in situ through the YST-PPI method.

The mutual interactions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins in the ER maintain its functions, prompting the protein folding, modification, and transportation. Here, a new method, named YST-PPI (YESS-based Split fast TEV protease system for Protein-Protein Interaction) was developed, targeting the characterization of protein interactions in ER. YST-PPI method integrated the YESS system, split-TEV technology, and endoplasmic reticulum retention signal peptide (ERS) to provide an effective strategy for studying ER in situ PPIs in a fast and quantitative manner.

De novo design of mini-binder proteins against IL-2 receptor β chain.

IL-2 regulates the immune response by interacting with different IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits. High dose of IL-2 binds to IL-2Rβγ heterodimer, which induce various side effects while activating immune function. Disrupting IL-2 and IL-2R interactions can block IL-2 mediated immune response.

A Semi-Supervised Adaptive Matrix Machine Approach for Fault Diagnosis in Railway Switch Machine.

The switch machine, an essential element of railway infrastructure, is crucial in maintaining the safety of railway operations. Traditional methods for fault diagnosis are constrained by their dependence on extensive labeled datasets. Semi-supervised learning (SSL), although a promising solution to the scarcity of samples, faces challenges such as the imbalance of pseudo-labels and inadequate data representation.

Developing CBTC system safety requirement hierarchy through STPA methodology.

Safety-critical systems, such as the railway signal system, are subject to potentially high costs from failures, including loss of life and property damage. The use of new technology, including communication-based train control (CBTC) systems with software and computers, has changed the types of accidents that occur. Software-related issues and dysfunctional interactions between system components controlled by the software are increasingly the cause of incidents.

Development and application of a CNT-Ag-Cu-Al/PS-based paper electrode for detecting diverse analytes in complex matrices.

Electrochemical sensors play a crucial role in the detection of different analytes in complex matrices, and their performance is highly dependent on the electrode capacity. However, most of the available electrodes can only be used for single-component detection, so it is urgent to develop electrodes with high sensitivity and selectivity for different components. Herein, we report an amphiprotic amino-bonded carbon nanotube-Ag/Cu/Al nanoparticle/polystyrene-coated paper electrode (CNT-Ag-Cu-Al/PS electrode), which can be used for the measurement of glucose (Glc), oxytetracycline (OTC), and hydroquinone (HQ), respectively.

Photoreduction and origin of dissolved and particulate mercury in cloud water: Insights from stable mercury isotopes.

The photoreduction of mercury (Hg) in clouds is crucial for determining global Hg cycling. The recently-developed isotope approach provides new insight into the fate of atmospheric Hg, however, limited data have been reported on the dynamics of Hg isotopes in clouds. This study presented the isotopic compositions of dissolved mercury (DHg) and particulate mercury (PHg) in cloud water collected at Mt.

GDF15 ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of glycolysis in alveolar macrophage.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a stress response cytokine is involved in the development and progression of several diseases associated with metabolic disorders. However, the regulatory role and the underlying mechanisms of GDF15 in sepsis remain poorly defined. Our study analyzed the levels of GDF15 and its correlations with the clinical prognosis of patients with sepsis.

Neurogenesis-Associated Protein, a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Anti-PD-1 Based Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patient Therapeutics.

The transketolase 1 gene (TKTL1) is an essential factor that contributes to brain development. Some studies have shown the influence of TKTL1 in cancers, but it has been rarely reported in kidney cancer. Furthermore, the role of TKTL1 in the prognosis and tumor infiltration of immune cells in various cancers, particularly kidney cancer, remains unknown.

Reed-root-based solar-driven evaporator with a faster capillary water transfer rate for effective steam generation.

Solar-driven steam evaporation technology, known for its low energy consumption and environmental friendliness, has emerged as a promising approach for seawater desalination, wastewater purification, etc. However, creating a low-cost solar evaporation system that simultaneously achieves rapid water transport, efficient light absorption, and salt tolerance remains challenging. Here, a dual-layer evaporator based on reed roots has been developed after a simple HO delignification treatment and flame treatment, which exhibited enhanced water transport performance and photothermal properties.

A combinatorial strategy for HRV 3C protease engineering to achieve the N-terminal free cleavage.

Human rhinovirus 3C protease (HRV 3CP) has a high specificity against the substrate of LEVLFQ↓G at P1' site, which plays an important role in biotechnology and academia as a fusion tag removal tool. However, a non-ignorable limitation is that an extra residue of Gly would remain at the N terminus of the recombinant target protein after cleavage with HRV 3CP, thus potentially causing protein mis-functionality or immunogenicity. Here, we developed a combinatorial strategy by integrating structure-guided library design and high-throughput screening of eYESS approach for HRV 3CP engineering to expand its P1' specificity.

Asymptotic uncertainty of false discovery proportion.

Multiple testing has been a prominent topic in statistical research. Despite extensive work in this area, controlling false discoveries remains a challenging task, especially when the test statistics exhibit dependence. Various methods have been proposed to estimate the false discovery proportion (FDP) under arbitrary dependencies among the test statistics.

Serum tumor markers expression (CA199, CA242, and CEA) and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Glucose and lipid metabolic disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with the levels of serum tumor markers of the digestive tract, such as cancer antigen (CA)199. Therefore, tumor markers in T2DM are important.

Aim: To evaluate the expression of serum tumor markers [CA199, CA242, and car-cinoembryonic antigen (CEA)] and the clinical implications of the expression in T2DM.

Parallel path detection for fraudulent accounts in banks based on graph analysis.

This article presents a novel parallel path detection algorithm for identifying suspicious fraudulent accounts in large-scale banking transaction graphs. The proposed algorithm is based on a three-step approach that involves constructing a directed graph, shrinking strongly connected components, and using a parallel depth-first search algorithm to mark potentially fraudulent accounts. The algorithm is designed to fully exploit CPU resources and handle large-scale graphs with exponential growth.

Development of nanobodies specific to clumping factors A of Staphylococcus aureus by yeast surface display.

The Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A (ClfA) is a fibrinogen (Fg) binding protein that plays an important role in the clumping of S. aureus in blood plasma. The current anti-infective approaches targeting ClfA are mainly based on monoclonal antibodies but showed less impressive efficacy for clinical applications.

Accuracy of physician and nurse predictions for 28-day prognosis in ICU: a single center prospective study.

The proportion of correctly predicted prognoses and factors associated with prediction accuracy are unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the accuracy of physician and nurse predictions of 28-day mortality in the ICU. This was a prospective observational single-center study.

De novo design of a protein binder against Staphylococcus enterotoxin B.

Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) interacts with MHC-II molecules to overactivate immune cells and thereby to produce excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines. Disrupting the interactions between SEB and MHC-II helps eliminate the lethal threat posed by SEB. In this study, a de novo computational approach was used to design protein binders targeting SEB.

Identification of PHACTR4 as A New Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Correlation with Glomerular Endothelial Dysfunction and Immune Infiltration.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is fundamentally dependent on glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), which are a crucial portion of the glomerular filtration barrier. This study aimed to identify biomarker candidates associated with GECs dysfunction in DN by combining microarray and single-cell sequencing dataset analysis.

Methods: Microarray dataset GSE30528 was downloaded from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database.

Aerobic glycolysis is the predominant means of glucose metabolism in neuronal somata, which protects against oxidative damage.

It is generally thought that under basal conditions, neurons produce ATP mainly through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolytic activity only predominates when neurons are activated and need to meet higher energy demands. However, it remains unknown whether there are differences in glucose metabolism between neuronal somata and axon terminals. Here, we demonstrated that neuronal somata perform higher levels of aerobic glycolysis and lower levels of OXPHOS than terminals, both during basal and activated states.

Cancer/testis-45A1 promotes cervical cancer cell tumorigenesis and drug resistance by activating oncogenic SRC and downstream signaling pathways.

Background: Cancer/testis antigen-45A1 (CT45A1) is overexpressed in various types of cancer but is not expressed in healthy women. The role of CT45A1 in cervical cancer has not yet been described in the literature.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to study the role of CT45A1 in cervical cancer progression and drug resistance, elucidate the mechanisms underlying CT45A1-mediated tumorigenesis and investigate CT45A1 as a biomarker for cervical cancer diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and targeted therapy.

Sphingolipid metabolism in brain insulin resistance and neurological diseases.

Sphingolipids, as members of the large lipid family, are important components of plasma membrane. Sphingolipids participate in biological signal transduction to regulate various important physiological processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that sphingolipids are strongly associated with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.