"No Medication Means No HIV Diagnosis": A Qualitative Study Based on Dual-System Theory on HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Decision-Making.

At least 30% of newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) have delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation globally, resulting in irreversible impaired immune function and increased risk of HIV transmission. This study aimed to explore the decision-making process of ART initiation in China. A phenomenological research design was used and semi-structured, in-depth interviews based on dual-system theory were conducted.

PRL1 interacts with and stabilizes RPA2A to regulate carbon deprivation-induced senescence in Arabidopsis.

Leaf senescence is a developmental program regulated by both endogenous and environmental cues. Abiotic stresses such as nutrient deprivation can induce premature leaf senescence, which profoundly impacts plant growth and crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced senescence are not fully understood.

Assessment of Phenological Dynamics of Different Vegetation Types and Their Environmental Drivers with Near-Surface Remote Sensing: A Case Study on the Loess Plateau of China.

Plant phenology is an important indicator of the impact of climate change on ecosystems. We have continuously monitored vegetation phenology using near-surface remote sensing, i.e.

Nurse-led sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of nudging intervention for early antiretroviral therapy initiation among patients with HIV/AIDS: Implementation study protocol.

Aims: In China, more than 30% of patients have not initiated treatment within 30 days of HIV diagnosis. Delayed initiation has a detrimental influence on disease outcomes and increases HIV transmission. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led antiretroviral therapy initiation nudging intervention for people newly diagnosed with HIV in China to find the optimal intervention implementation strategy.

Risk Management for Whole-Process Safe Disposal of Medical Waste: Progress and Challenges.

Over the past decade, the global outbreaks of SARS, influenza A (H1N1), COVID-19, and other major infectious diseases have exposed the insufficient capacity for emergency disposal of medical waste in numerous countries and regions. Particularly during epidemics of major infectious diseases, medical waste exhibits new characteristics such as accelerated growth rate, heightened risk level, and more stringent disposal requirements. Consequently, there is an urgent need for advanced theoretical approaches that can perceive, predict, evaluate, and control risks associated with safe disposal throughout the entire process in a timely, accurate, efficient, and comprehensive manner.

The Pan-Cancer Analysis Uncovers the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Significance of CD19 as an Immune Marker in Tumor.

Background: The specific cytotoxic effects of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have led to impressive outcomes in individuals previously treated for B-cell malignancies. However, the specific biological role of CD19(+) target cells, which exert antitumor immunity against some solid tumors, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: We collected information regarding the level of CD19 mRNA and protein expression from various databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for both tumor and normal samples.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and determinants of medical service efficiency in China.

Background: Medical service efficiency is an important indicator for measuring the equity of medical services. Therefore, this study primarily focuses on investigating the spatiotemporal domain to explore both spatial and temporal characteristics, as well as influencing factors that affect medical service efficiency across diverse provinces in China.

Methods: The super Epsilon-based Measure (EBM) unexpected model has previously been utilized to quantify energy eco-efficiency, carbon emission efficiency, and green development efficiency.

Coronary sodium [F]fluoride activity predicts outcomes post-CABG: a comparative evaluation with conventional metrics.

Purpose: The value of preoperative multidisciplinary approach remains inadequately delineated in forecasting postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Herein, we aimed to ascertain the efficacy of multi-modality cardiac imaging in predicting post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: Patients with triple coronary artery disease underwent cardiac sodium [F]fluoride ([F]NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), coronary angiography, and CT-based coronary artery calcium scoring before CABG.

Changes in serum immunoglobulin G glycosylation patterns for antiphospholipid syndrome patients with lectin microarray.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. Immunoglobulin G plays a vital role in disease progression, with its structure and function affected by glycosylation. We aimed to investigate the changes in the serum immunoglobulin G glycosylation pattern in antiphospholipid syndrome patients.

Transcriptome profiling of aerial and subterranean peanut pod development.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) showcases geocarpic behavior, transitioning from aerial flowering to subterranean seed development. We recently obtained an atavistic variant of this species, capable of producing aerial and subterranean pods on a single plant. Notably, although these pod types share similar vigor levels, they exhibit distinct differences in their physical aspects, such as pod size, color, and shell thickness.

Structure searches and superconductor discovery in XB (X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Tc).

With extensive structure searches for XB (X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Tc) under pressures up to 100 GPa, we uncovered that the crystal structures of these compounds with the lowest enthalpy have the same space group (6/) as MgB at ambient pressure. Among them, ScB, TiB and VB are dynamically stable at ambient pressure, but they do not superconduct. CrB becomes dynamically stable at 108 GPa and shows superconductivity with a transition temperature () of 26.

Different roles of Ca and chitohexose in peanut () photosynthetic responses to PAMP-immunity.

Background: During active infections, plants prevent further spread of pathogenic microorganisms by inducing the rapid programmed death of cells around the infection point. This phenomenon is called the hypersensitive response and is a common feature of plant immune responses. Plants recognize conserved structures of pathogenic microorganisms, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), .

Network pharmacology and experimental validation to study the potential mechanism of Tongguanteng injection in regulating apoptosis in osteosarcoma.

Objective: The main objectives of this study were to identify the active components of Tongguanteng injection (TGT) and investigate the preclinical efficacy and mechanism of TGT on osteosarcoma using a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Methods: To identify the active constituents and targets of TGT against osteosarcoma using network pharmacology, we constructed a network consisting of an 'active ingredient-disease-target-pathway' and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The target organ network was utilized to investigate the distribution of core targets in tissues.

Non-pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in people living with HIV: a systematic narrative review.

Background: Sleep disturbances are common in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and may lead to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and worsen HIV symptom severity. Due to the side effects of pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances, there is more room for non-pharmacological interventions, but knowledge of how these non-pharmacological interventions have been used to improve sleep in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still missing.

Objective: To investigate the content of non-pharmacological interventions, sleep measurements, and the impact of these interventions on improving sleep in PLWH.

Opioid-induced dysbiosis of maternal gut microbiota during gestation alters offspring gut microbiota and pain sensitivity.

There has been a rapid increase in neonates born with a history of prenatal opioid exposure. How prenatal opioid exposure affects pain sensitivity in offspring is of interest, as this may perpetuate the opioid epidemic. While few studies have reported hypersensitivity to thermal pain, potential mechanisms have not been described.

Key toxic components and sources affecting oxidative potential of atmospheric particulate matter using interpretable machine learning: Insights from fog episodes.

Fog significantly affects the air quality and human health. To investigate the health effects and mechanisms of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) during fog episodes, PM samples were collected from the coastal suburb of Qingdao during different seasons from 2021 to 2022, with the major chemical composition in PM analyzed. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM was determined using the dithiothreitol (DTT) method.

Alternative polyadenylation regulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase function in peanut.

Background: Polyadenylation is a crucial process that terminates mRNA molecules at their 3'-ends. It has been observed that alternative polyadenylation (APA) can generate multiple transcripts from a single gene locus, each with different polyadenylation sites (PASs). This leads to the formation of several 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that vary in length and composition.