High prevalence of symptoms among Brazilian subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Since the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a widespread assumption that most infected persons are asymptomatic. Using data from the recent wave of the EPICOVID19 study, a nationwide household-based survey including 133 cities from all states of Brazil, we estimated the proportion of people with and without antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 who were asymptomatic, which symptoms were most frequently reported, number of symptoms and the association with socio-demographic characteristics. We tested 33,205 subjects using a rapid antibody test previously validated.

How do community health workers institutionalise: An analysis of Brazil's CHW programme.

Community health workers (CHWs) are framed as the link between communities and the formal health system. CHWs must establish trusting relationships with the community and with the broader health service. How to find the optimal balance between the various strands of work for CHWs, and how to formalise this, has been the focus of different studies.

Depression in a youth population-based sample from Brazil: Prevalence and symptom structure.

Background: We aimed to examine the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a population-based youth sample, assessing both categorical and dimensional presentations of the disorder and its clinical and sociodemographic correlates.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the latest assessment of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (n = 3,780), a population-based study from Brazil that followed individuals up to age 22 years. We estimated point-prevalence for categorical diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnoses using DSM criteria in a structured interview by trained psychologists.

Extradural decompression versus duraplasty in Chiari malformation type I with syrinx: outcomes on scoliosis from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium.

Objective: Scoliosis is common in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I)-associated syringomyelia. While it is known that treatment with posterior fossa decompression (PFD) may reduce the progression of scoliosis, it is unknown if decompression with duraplasty is superior to extradural decompression.

Methods: A large multicenter retrospective and prospective registry of 1257 pediatric patients with CM-I (tonsils ≥ 5 mm below the foramen magnum) and syrinx (≥ 3 mm in axial width) was reviewed for patients with scoliosis who underwent PFD with or without duraplasty.

Chronic non-communicable diseases and COVID-19: EPICOVID-19 Brazil results.

Objective: Describing the prevalence of chronic diseases and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors, evaluating the patterns of social distancing and the antibodies prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 symptoms in carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases.

Methods: Data from 77,075 individuals aged 20 to 59 from three steps of the EPICOVID-19 Brazil (a nationwide serological survey conducted between May and June, 2021) were assessed. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was examined by rapid tests.

Association between Polygenic Risk Scores for ADHD and Asthma: A Birth Cohort Investigation.

Objective: Shared genetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the comorbidity between ADHD and asthma. To evaluate their genetic overlap, we relied on data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort to test the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD (ADHD-PRSs) and asthma, and PRSs for asthma (asthma-PRSs) and ADHD.

Method: We analyzed data collected at birth, 2, 22, and 30 years from 3,574 individuals.

[Validation study on self-reported visual impairment among undergraduate students at the Federal University of Pelotas].

The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment among undergraduate students between 18 and 39 years of age at the Federal University of Pelotas, and to validate a question about visual impairment in a subsample of the participants. A cross-sectional study was conducted by asking the question "Do you have any difficulty seeing up close and/or in the distance?" As the gold standard for the validation study, visual acuity (VA) was measured using the Snellen chart. Patients with VA less than 20/40 in either eye were considered to have reduced VA.

A collection of parametric modal regression models for bounded data.

Modal regression is an alternative approach for investigating the relationship between the most likely response and covariates and can hence reveal important structure missed by usual regression methods. This paper provides a collection of parametric mode regression models for bounded response variable by considering some recently introduced probability distributions with bounded support along with the well-established Beta and Kumaraswamy distribution. The main properties of the distributions are highlighted and compared.

Association of the length of time using computers and mobile devices with low back, neck and mid-back pains: findings from a birth cohort.

Objectives: Neck and low back pains are the leading causes of years lived with disability, and using computers or mobile devices in excess could be risk factors for back pain. Our aim was to evaluate the association of the length of time using computers and mobile devices with neck, mid-back and low back pains and the number of regions with pain.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study nested in the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort with young adults aged 22 years.

Excess weight and obesity prevalence in the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís).

Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of excess weight and obesity, according to sex and income in the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohort Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas, and São Luís). Participants in the Ribeirão Preto (1978/1979 and 1994), Pelotas (1982, 1993 and 2004) and São Luís (1997/1998) birth cohorts were included in different follow-ups from 7 years old onwards. Excess weight (overweight and obesity) were assessed by body mass index.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Exposure to tobacco during pregnancy may disrupt fetal brain development and impact offspring cognitive development.

Aims: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient (IQ) in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Lilacs, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.

Patterns of Growth in Childhood in Relation to Adult Schooling Attainment and Intelligence Quotient in 6 Birth Cohorts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from the Consortium of Health-Oriented Research in Transitioning Societies (COHORTS).

Background: Growth faltering has been associated with poor intellectual performance. The relative strengths of associations between growth in early and in later childhood remain underexplored.

Objectives: We examined the association between growth in childhood and adult human capital in 5 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Associations between Device-measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in the Transition to Early Adulthood.

Purposes: The aims of this study were to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health in the transition to adulthood.

Methods: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed (n = 2280). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (measured using a triaxial accelerometer) and cardiometabolic health (total fat mass, blood glucose, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and mean resting blood pressure) were examined at age 18 and 22 yr.

RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís): history, objectives and methods.

This paper describes the history, objectives and methods used by the nine Brazilian cohorts of the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís) Common thematic axes are identified and the objectives, baseline periods, follow-up stages and representativity of the population studied are presented. The Consortium includes three birth cohorts from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (1978/1979, 1994 and 2010), four from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State (1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015), and two from São Luís, Maranhão State (1997 and 2010). The cohorts cover three regions of Brazil, from three distinct states, with marked socioeconomic, cultural and infrastructure differences.

Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors: analysis of three Brazilian birth cohorts.

Evidence suggests that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the association of maternal prepregnancy BMI with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. We also evaluated whether offspring BMI was a mediator in this association.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-stimulated whole blood culture to detect host biosignatures for tuberculosis treatment response.

Host markers to monitor the response to tuberculosis (TB) therapy hold some promise. We evaluated the changes in concentration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-induced soluble biomarkers during early treatment for predicting short- and long-term treatment outcomes.

Development and characterization of self-etching adhesives doped with 45S5 and niobophosphate bioactive glasses: Physicochemical, mechanical, bioactivity and interface properties.

Objective: The aim of study was to develop and characterize experimental bioactive glasses (45S5 and niobophosphate bioactive glass (NbG)) and evaluate the effects of their addition in self-etching adhesive systems on physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactive properties, microtensile bond strength (μTBS), and nanoleakage (NL).

Methods: Two-step self-etching adhesive systems containing 5, 10, and 20 wt.% of 45S5 and NbG bioactive glasses were developed.

The combination of traditional and auricular acupuncture to prevent xerostomia and anxiety in irradiated patients with HNSCC: a preventive, parallel, single-blind, 2-arm controlled study.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture on xerostomia in irradiated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Study Design: A preventive, 2-arm, parallel, single-blind trial was performed. Patients with HNSCC (N = 296) were checked for eligibility, and 107 patients were enrolled in the study.

Tethered spinal cord syndrome in adults in the MRI era: recognition, pathology, and long-term objective outcomes.

Objective: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) has been well described in pediatric patients. Many recent reports of TCS in adult patients have grouped retethering patients with newly diagnosed ones without separately analyzing each entity and outcome. The authors reviewed their experience of newly diagnosed adult TCS patients to identify and explore TCS misdiagnosis, recognition, subtype pathology, and individual objective outcomes.

Screen time and working memory in adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Little is known about the effects of excessive screen time on Working Memory (WM) in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between measures of screen time in adolescence and Working Memory. Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed (N = 3625).

Is Screen Time Throughout Adolescence Related to ADHD? Findings from 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study.

Objective: This study investigated the association between screen time in adolescence and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) at 22 years old.

Method: A sample of 2333 participants aged 11 years old without ADHD from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (Brazil) was followed up until the age of 22. Screen time variables included time spent in television, video game and computer at 11, 15, and 18 years old.