Extracellular vesicles: Methods for purification and characterization.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells that play a significant role in intercellular communication. They can be obtained from a variety of sources, including conditioned culture medium, blood and urine. In this chapter we detail the methods for EV isolation and characterization.

Extracellular vesicles.

Cells, pathogens, and other systems release extracellular vesicles (EVs). The particles promote intercellular communication and contain proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA. Initially considered to be cellular waste in the twentieth century, EVs were becoming recognized for their function in biological communication and control.

Intraoral ultrasonography image registration for evaluation of partial edentulous ridge: A methodology and validation study.

Objectives: Ultrasound (US) reveals details for diagnosing soft- and hard-tissue dimensions around teeth, implants, and the edentulous ridge, not seen in 2D radiographs. Co-registering free-hand US scans with other 3D modalities presents reliability challenges. This study first aims to develop and validate a registration method to longitudinally reproduce US images of the jawbone on a simulator.

miR-9-5p is Downregulated in Serum Extracellular Vesicles of Patients Treated with Biperiden After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, which often leads to the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), a condition that yet lacks preventive strategies. Biperiden, an anticholinergic drug, is a promising candidate that has shown efficacy in murine models of PTE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory RNAs, can help in understanding the biological basis of PTE and act as TBI- and PTE-relevant biomarkers that can be detected peripherally, as they are present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that cross the blood-brain barrier.

Subcellular particles for characterization of host-parasite interactions.

Parasitic diseases remain a major global health problem for humans. Parasites employ a variety of strategies to invade and survive within their hosts and to manipulate host defense mechanisms, always in the pathogen's favor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanospheres carrying a variety of bioactive compounds, were shown to be released by the parasites during all stages of the infection, enabling growth and expansion within the host and adaptation to frequently changing environmental stressors.

Exploring Peripheral Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers: Implications for Chronic Chagas Disease with Viral Infection or Transplantation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encapsulate cell-specific cargo, rendering them promising biomarkers for diverse diseases. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite , poses a significant global health burden, transcending its initial epicenter in Latin America to affect individuals in Europe, Asia, and North America. In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs derived from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) experiencing a reactivation of acute symptoms.

Influence of scanbody design and intraoral scanner on the trueness of complete arch implant digital impressions: An in vitro study.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of full-arch digital implant impressions using seven different scanbodies and four intraoral scanners. A 3D-printed maxillary model with six implants and their respective multi-unit abutments was used for this study. Seven scanbodies (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, SB5, SB6, and SB7) and four intraoral scanners (Primescan®, Omnican®, Trios 3®, and Trios 4®) were assessed.

Digitally Guided Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation With Simultaneous Implant Placement: 3 Case Reports With Technical Considerations.

A sinus floor elevation via lateral window (LSFE) is one of the most widely used bone augmentation procedures for implant therapy in the posterior area of the maxilla. Locating and preparing a correct opening window on the lateral sinus wall is a key step of this procedure. Conventionally, the surgeon designs and locates the window after the flap is reflected based on the information obtained from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images or other diagnostic aids.

Volumetric Outcomes of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Augmentation with a Xenogeneic Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold: A Comparative Clinical Study.

Performing soft tissue augmentation (STA) at implant sites to improve esthetics, patient satisfaction, and peri-implant health is common. Several soft tissue grafting materials can be used to increase soft tissue thickness at the second-stage surgery, including human dermal matrices and xenogeneic collagen scaffolds. This study assessed and compared the volumetric outcomes, from second-stage surgery to crown delivery, around implants that received STA with a xenogeneic cross-linked collagen scaffold (XCCS) vs nonaugmented implant sites.

Sleeveless guided implant placement compared to conventional approaches: An in vitro study at healed sites and fresh extraction sockets.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of a novel sleeveless implant surgical guide by comparing it with a conventional closed-sleeve guide and a freehand approach.

Materials And Methods: Custom resin maxillary casts with corticocancellous compartments were used (n = 30). Seven implant sites were present per maxillary cast, corresponding to healed (right and left first premolars, left second premolar and first molar) and extraction sites (right canine and central incisors).

Digital planning for two-implant-supported overdenture and bone reduction guide using cone-beam computed tomography: Simple features for predictable outcomes.

The two-implant-supported mandibular overdenture is considered a reliable treatment option to restore masticatory function. Digital planning has been shown to improve the precision and accuracy of the surgical procedure. The outcomes are indeed pertinent to the ideal three-dimentional positioning of the implant placement.

Fracture Load of Monolithic CAD/CAM Ceramic Crowns Placed on Different Implant Abutments.

Purpose: To evaluate the fracture load of monolithic, single-tooth implant-supported crowns cemented on solid or Ti-base (Variobase C) abutments.

Materials And Methods: Besides abutment types (solid and Ti-base abutments), two ceramic systems (IPS e.max CAD and Zirconia inCoris ZI) and two occlusal thicknesses (0.

Open-sleeve templates for computer-assisted implant surgery at healed or extraction sockets: An in vitro comparison to closed-sleeve guided system and free-hand approach.

Objective: A buccal opening guide provides better view and better irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of this open-sleeve system.

Material And Methods: Thirty duplicated maxillary models, each with six extraction sockets and four healed sites, were used.

Isolation and molecular characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from blood of chronic Chagas disease patients.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encase several types of molecules. Their contents mostly reflect their cell origin and possible targets at other locations in the organism and can be modified in pathological conditions to interfere with intercellular communication, thus promoting disease establishment and development. These characteristics, in addition to their presence in virtually all body fluids, make such vesicles ideal for biomarker discovery in human diseases.

Early soft tissue changes following implant placement with or without soft tissue augmentation using a xenogeneic cross-link collagen scaffold: A volumetric comparative study.

Objective: Soft tissue augmentation (STA) at implant sites has the potential of improving peri-implant health, esthetics, and marginal bone level stability. The present study aimed at evaluating the volumetric changes occurring following implant placement in sites that received STA compared to non-augmented sites.

Methods: A total of 26 subjects received a dental implant in a posterior edentulous site.

A fully digital approach for implant fixed complete dentures: A case report.

Introductions: Intraoral scanner has been widely used for implant impression in partially edentulous cases; however, its accuracy in the impression of full-arch implant is still questionable.

Clinical Report: This clinical report presents a technique to check the accuracy of intraoral scanning for complete-arch implant restorations using an implant index cast (The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 9th Edition) and a three-dimensional printed cast. A clinical case of immediate loading on a maxillary edentulous patient illustrates the application of an implant index cast in implant fixed complete dentures (IFCDs).

The Impact of Surgical Guide Fixation and Implant Location on Accuracy of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) for tooth-supported free-end dental implantation with the aid/and without the aid of fixation pins to secure the surgical template through comparison between planned, 3D printed guide position and placement implant position.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two duplicated maxillary resin models were used in the present in vitro study. Digital planning was performed and fabrication of a surgical template that allowed implant placement on the distal extension edentulous site of the model (maxillary left side).

Digital Immediate Complete Denture for a Patient with Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Clinical Report.

Fabricating an immediate complete denture can be very challenging in some clinical situations. This clinical report describes a digital workflow to fabricate a printed maxillary immediate complete denture for a patient with a severely compromised maxilla. Digital data obtained by using an intraoral scanner was utilized to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) image of the jaws at the desirable vertical dimension of occlusion.

Role of echocardiography and cardiac MRI in depicting morphological and functional imaging findings useful for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Purpose: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary disease characterised by primary hypertrophy of the left and/or right ventricle. The reference standard for imaging diagnosis is echocardiography. The aim of our study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with HCM.

Application of mean-field model of polymer melt intercalation in organo-silicates for nanocomposites.

The mean-field, lattice-based model of polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates (OLS) originally developed by Vaia and Giannelis was applied for different polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The nature of each polymer controls significantly the intercalation of the system. The internal energy change caused by the interaction of polymer, surfactant and clay is the strongest factor in determining the equilibrium structure of the nanocomposite system.

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization using a zwitterionic surfactant.

The synthesis of nanocomposites via emulsion polymerization was investigated using methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, 10 wt % montmorillonite (MMT) clay, and a zwitterionic surfactant octadecyl dimethyl betaine (C18DMB). The particle size of the diluted polymer emulsion was about 550 nm, as determined by light scattering, while the sample without clay had a diameter of about 350 nm. The increase in the droplet size suggests that clay was present in the emulsion droplets.

Impact of harmonic imaging on transthoracic echocardiographic identification of infective endocarditis and its complications.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative diagnostic value of harmonic imaging (HI) in the assessment of patients with suspected infective endocarditis (IE).

Setting: Tertiary referral centre.

Design: 139 consecutive patients were evaluated with three imaging modalities: transthoracic echocardiography with fundamental imaging (FI); HI; and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE).

In-vitro mechanisms of 1,2-dichloropropane nephrotoxicity using the renal cortical slice model.

1. Renal cortical slices isolated from the kidneys of male Wistar rats were used as an experimental model for studying the nephrotoxicity induced by 1,2-dichloropropane. 2.