[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon].

While studying the effects of Cortexin and Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) on the caspase-3 activity in the brain, an interleykin-6 and a factor of tumor necrosis in blood serum of old rats under the sharp hypoxic hypoxia it was suggested that in hypoxia of brain conditions Pinealon forwards the increase of the neurogenesis and the decrease neuroinflammatory reactions to a reference level. With the sharp hypoxic hypoxia Cortexin reduces an ability of brain tissue of programmed cells death, but saves the content of interleykin-6 at high level.

[Effects of introduction of short peptides before carotid artery occlusion on behaviour and caspase-3 activity in the brain of old rats].

The comparative research of effect of Pinealon and Cortexin on behavior and activity of caspase-3 in a brain of old rats in a model of carotid arteries occlusion was conducted. It is shown that introduction of short peptides promotes a survival rate of the animals that have modeled occlusion of carotid arteries. Under Pinealon before occlusion of carotid arteries, behavioral dream has been increased and a position-finding behavior, a motivational behavior and a motor performance have been reduced.

[Effect of deltaran on the mediatory balance in the brain of young and old rats with left-side laterality profile in case of carotid arteries occlusion].

The medico-social significance of ischemic brain lesions, which are the most frequent cause of disablement and death in older people, stipulates the need for efficient means of prevention and correction of central nervous system disorders in case of ischemic brain lesions. The efficacy of Deltaran in the correction of disordered neuromediator balance in the brain of rats of different age groups was studied on the model of carotid arteries occlusion. Studies showed, that Deltaran exerts an anti-stress effect on old rats with left-side profile by altering the neuromediators' distribution in animals' brain under conditions of hypoxia.

Adrenocortical and thyroid systems of rats during the initial period of nociceptive influences.

Two phases were identified in the initial period of formation of the adrenocortical reaction to acute nociception. The first phase (at 10-15 sec) consisted of an "urgent" mobilization of the " basal" reserves of hormonally active substances and was characterized by suppression of corticoliberin activity in the hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic brain structures in rats, with a parallel increase in the plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone, draining of corticosteroid reserves in the adrenals, and decreases in blood corticosterone levels on the background of increases in corticosterone levels in target organs. The second phase, the hypercompensation phase, involved progressive increases in the titers of study substances.

[Adrenocortical and thyroid systems of rats at the initial stage of nociceptive influence].

There are two phases in the initial period of formation of adrenocortical response to sharp nociceptive influence. The first phase (within 10-15 sec.) involves emergency mobilization of "basal" reserves of hormone active substances.

[Pentylenetetrazole kindling induces caspase-3 activation in rat brain].

Pentylenetetrazole kindling (but not a single pentylenetetrazole injection) induced caspase-3 activation in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats as well as neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. The number of neurons in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus decreased significantly, whereas no apoptotic nuclei could be detected. The results support a possible non-apoptotic involvement of caspase-3 in brain plasticity.

Studies of the mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide in conditions of increased oxygen tension.

Studies of the protective actions of three doses of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) given at different times before barochamber compression of animals to an oxygen tension of 0.7 MPa showed that the optimum DSIP dose is 12 micrograms/100 g. Intraperitoneal administration of this dose of DSIP delayed the onset of generalized convulsive activity by a factor of 2-2.

[Comparative investigation of anticonvulsive effects of putrescine and structural analogues of delta-sleep-inducing peptide].

Intracysternal putrescine before a session of hyperbaric oxygenation (0.7 MPa) was shown to be more effective in prolonging the latent period of onset of generalized convulsive activity than intraperitoneal delta-sleep-inducing peptide or its structural analogues ID-1 or ID-3. Biochemical studies indicated that putrescine was also more effective in preventing hyperbaric oxygenation-induced decreases in the levels of GABA and homocarnosine in the brain and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the brain and serum.

[The mechanism of the anticonvulsive effect of the delta sleep-inducing peptide under conditions of elevated oxygen pressure].

Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) exerted a protective effect against seizures, the effect depending on the DSIP ability to create an optimal ratio between inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters. Administration of the DSIP dramatically increased the contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid and homocarnosine while decreasing the glutamate and aspartate contents in the rat brain cortex.

[The neuromediator mechanism of the additive action of the delta sleep-inducing peptide in experimental audiogenic epilepsy caused by hypokinesia].

The DSIP influence on the rat cortex, thalamic and hypothalamic adrenaline, noradrenaline, DOPA, dopamine and serotonin level under normal, hypokinetic stress condition (1 h in duration) and experimental audiogenic epilepsy was studied. It was found, that a single intraperitoneal DSIP injection (12 microns/100 g body weigh, 1 h before placing the animals into the stress condition) prevented spontaneous epileptic activity development due to creation of optimal ratio between monoamines in brain structures.

[Ratio of neuromediator amino acids in a comparative analysis of the stress protective effects of delta-sleep inducing peptide and piracetam].

The GABAergic system was adequate altered after simultaneous use of delta-sleeping peptide and piracetam in intact animals: gamma-butyric acid was accumulated unidirectionally by inhibiting brain glutamate decarboxylase activity. Administration of the peptide caused a slight decrease in the levels of aspartic acid, while piracetam contributed to a marked accumulation of the amino acid. The antistressor and adaptive effects of each drug were augmented if they were given simultaneously before acute emotional stress developed in the animals during one-hour hypokinesia; these effects were expressed as stabilized balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter amino acids.

[Proteolytic processes in the rat brain and serum in hypokinesia and the adaptive effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide].

It has been demonstrated for the first time that a single injection of the delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) results in long-term alteration of proteolytic enzyme activity within a broad range of pH. Using Ca(2+)-independent neutral endopeptidases from the synaptosomal fraction of rat brain and blood serum kallikrein as an example, it has been shown that DSIP activates limited proteolysis. This effect may contribute to the alteration of the set and "active" concentration of regulatory peptides and peptide hormones to the induction of the preadaptive state.

[The delta sleep-inducing peptide as a modulator of synaptic ultrastructure].

Results of morphometric study of ultrastructure of axosomatic and axospinous synapses of rat sensomotor neocortex after DSIP administration and in hypoxia showed that the peptide administration resulted in multidirectional changes in these type contacts in intact animals. This, apparently, is connected with their different functional specialization. Preliminary DSIP administration prevented changes, appearing in hypoxia in most of the parameters studied both in axosomatic and axospinous synapses.

[The effect of the delta sleep peptide and serotonin on the neurons of the snail].

The present paper describes the results concerning the influence of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and serotonin (5-HT) on electrophysiological properties of the identified snail neurons. The experiments were performed on semi-intact preparations from Helix lucorum L. DSIP inhibited spontaneously active neurons and reduced responses of silent cells to depolarizing currents and tactile stimuli.

[A morphometric study of the ultrastructure of the axosomatic synapses in the sensorimotor cortex of rats administered the delta-sleep inducing peptide].

Qualitative estimation and quantitative morphometry of ultrastructural changes in layers III, IV, and V in rat sensomotorial cortex after delta-sleep-inducing peptide administration, provides an evidence of multiplication of active inhibitory synapses induced by DSIP. The newly activated synapses may form an axo-somatic synaptic pool participating in optimization of the balance of excitement and inhibition processes in sensomotorial cortex.

[Influence of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on the activity of proteolytic enzymes in the rat brain under hypokinesia].

Single administration of the delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in a dose of 12 micrograms/100 g to intact animals makes the activity of neutral proteinases and cathepsin D higher in the rat brain and blood serum. Hypokinesia of different duration changes activity of neutral and acidic proteinases and induces accessibility of cathepsin D to the cytosol as a result of damage in lysosomal membrane. Injection DSIP induces a decrease A/B of cathepsin D to the control level under 1-h hypokinesia condition and normalizes the neutral proteolytic activity under 6-h hypokinesia condition.

[The electrophysiological and ultrastructural aspects of the effect of increased oxygen pressure on the sensorimotor cortex of rats].

Stay of the rats in barochamber under 0.3 MPa oxygen during 2 hrs induced separate sharp waves with no generalisation, the electron microscopic changes expressing activation of compensatory-adaptive processes. The generalisation of seizure activity over the cortex at 0.

[Morphometric evidence of activation of axo-somatic synapses during administration of delta sleep-inducing peptide].

Computed morphometry proved activation of neocortex layer III-V axosomatic synapses. This is evident from an increase in the mean plasmalemma length, that in the active synapse zones on neurone bodies and width of the synaptic cleft, this being induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of delta-sleep-inducing peptide. The activation of the axosomatic synapses correlates with elevated GABA levels in the cerebral hemispheres cortex.

[Effect of delta-sleep peptide on the ultrastructural features of the rat sensomotor cortex].

The performed studies have shown that injection of DSIP causes an activation of nuclear apparatus and plastic metabolism in III-Y layer of the rat cerebral cortex. The activation of axo-axon and axosomatic synapses indicates the modulation of inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex.

[Antistressor effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide in hypokinetic stress].

The influence of DSIP injection on the levels of neurotransmitters during hypokinetic stress was studied. It was shown that hypokinesia produced considerable changes in the levels of GABA glutamate, aspartate and homocarnosine. The injection of DSIP normalized the level of neurotransmitter amino acids.