Neonatal circumcisions and parental refusal of intramuscular vitamin K: A review of the literature and current guidelines.

Introduction: Parental refusal of intramuscular (IM) vitamin K in newborns poses challenges, particularly for pediatric urologists assessing the safety of neonatal circumcision. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a known risk, with lack of prophylaxis increasing bleeding complications. This study evaluates the safety of neonatal circumcision without IM vitamin K, reviews guidelines, and explores alternative prophylaxis options.

Ferroptosis Inhibition Combats Metabolic Derangements and Improves Cardiac Function in Pulmonary Artery Banded Pigs.

Right heart failure (RHF) is a leading cause of mortality in multiple cardiovascular diseases and preclinical and human data suggest impaired metabolism is a significant contributor to right-sided cardiac dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a nonapopotic form of cell death driven by impaired metabolism. Rodent data suggests ferroptosis inhibition can restore mitochondrial electron transport chain function and enhance cardiac contractility in left heart failure models, but the effects of ferroptosis inhibition in translational large animal models of RHF are unknown.

Ferroptosis-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired lipid metabolism and heightened reactive oxygen species generation, results in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an inflammatory mode of cell death that promotes complement activation and macrophage recruitment. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary arterial endothelial cells exhibit cellular phenotypes that promote ferroptosis.

Guatemalan beaded lizards (Helodermatidae: Heloderma charlesbogerti) navigate and follow a scent trail in maze tasks.

Maze studies have provided substantial information about nonhuman cognition, such as insights on navigational strategies, spatial memory, and choice discriminations. This knowledge can aid in how we understand the foraging strategies of many animals, particularly understudied and endangered species, such as the Guatemalan beaded lizard (). These actively foraging lizards rely on chemoreception to locate prey, but it is unknown to what extent they engage in olfaction and vomerolfaction to hunt and navigate their environment.

Adult-Type Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis in a 16-Year-Old: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Adult-type Granulosa cell tumor of the testis is a rare subtype of sex cord-stromal tumors, with fewer than 100 cases reported. The typical clinical presentation is an asymptomatic, painless testicular mass. We report a case of a 16-year-old male with adult-type testicular Granulosa cell tumor who presented with a palpable, painless right testicular mass, and subsequently underwent right inguinal radical orchiectomy.

Brief cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders symptomatology among a mixed sample of adolescents and young adults in primary care: A non-randomised feasibility and pilot study.

Objective: Brief and accessible therapies for people with an eating disorder is an important health target. Ten-session cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-T) is a brief treatment evaluated in people with a non-underweight eating disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of CBT-T for young people in primary care.

Decreasing post hysterectomy surgical site infections with the implementation of a hysterectomy-specific bundle.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common complication of hysterectomy. Surgical bundles have been shown to reduce SSIs. Here we describe a bundle that was used to combat an abnormal rise in SSI events that resulted in a greater than 75% reduction at our institution.

Multi-omic and multispecies analysis of right ventricular dysfunction.

Background: Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple cardiovascular diseases, but there are no treatments for RVF as therapeutic targets are not clearly defined. Contemporary transcriptomic/proteomic evaluations of RVF are predominately conducted in small animal studies, and data from large animal models are sparse. Moreover, a comparison of the molecular mediators of RVF across species is lacking.

A Tale of 8 Cities: Pediatric Critical Care Redeployment to Adult Care During Wave 1 of COVID-19.

Background: Pediatric hospital resources including critical care faculty (intensivists) redeployed to provide care to adults in adult ICUs or repurposed PICUs during wave 1 of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objectives: To determine the magnitude of pediatric hospital resource redeployment and the experience of pediatric intensivists who redeployed to provide critical care to adults with COVID-19.

Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted at 9 hospitals in 8 United States cities where pediatric resources were redeployed to provide care to critically ill adults with COVID-19.

Conservation tools: the next generation of engineering-biology collaborations.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that use technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this review, we present five case studies and infer a framework for designing conservation tools (CT) based on human-wildlife interaction.

FFAR4 regulates cardiac oxylipin balance to promote inflammation resolution in HFpEF secondary to metabolic syndrome.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome, but a predominant subset of HFpEF patients has metabolic syndrome (MetS). Mechanistically, systemic, nonresolving inflammation associated with MetS might drive HFpEF remodeling. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) is a GPCR for long-chain fatty acids that attenuates metabolic dysfunction and resolves inflammation.

Intermittent Fasting Activates AMP-Kinase to Restructure Right Ventricular Lipid Metabolism and Microtubules.

Intermittent fasting (IF) extends life span via pleotropic mechanisms, but one important molecular mediator is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK enhances lipid metabolism and modulates microtubule dynamics. Dysregulation of these molecular pathways causes right ventricular (RV) failure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Treatment retention and reductions in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during the first 90 days of a telehealth program for alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatments, including medications, are increasingly offered via telehealth. This study characterizes 90-day treatment retention and changes in objectively measured blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a large cohort receiving AUD telehealth. Patients received AUD treatment through Ria, a virtual (telehealth) program offering AUD treatment that is tailored to patient goals (e.

Junctophilin-2 Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolism.

Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is a risk factor for mortality in multiple cardiovascular diseases, but approaches to combat RVD are lacking. Therapies used for left heart failure are largely ineffective in RVD, and thus the identification of molecules that augment RV function could improve outcomes in a wide-array of cardiac limitations. Junctophilin-2 (JPH2) is an essential protein that plays important roles in cardiomyocytes, including calcium handling/maintenance of t-tubule structure and gene transcription.

A Multi-omic and Multi-Species Analysis of Right Ventricular Failure.

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple cardiovascular diseases, but there are no approved treatments for RVF as therapeutic targets are not clearly defined. Contemporary transcriptomic/proteomic evaluations of RVF are predominately conducted in small animal studies, and data from large animal models are sparse. Moreover, a comparison of the molecular mediators of RVF across species is lacking.

Ferroptosis Integrates Mitochondrial Derangements and Pathological Inflammation to Promote Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired lipid metabolism and heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, results in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an inflammatory mode of cell death that promotes complement activation and macrophage recruitment. In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) exhibit cellular phenotypes that promote ferroptosis.

Impact of an Arts-based Public Health Literacy Program Delivered Online to High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the domestic socio-political unrest of 2020, provides a critical opportunity to reframe how we engage with youth around health and disease risk. (TBP), a spoken word, arts-based public health literacy campaign, uses a social justice and racial equity frame to activate youth around social determinants of health, including salient topics such as type 2 diabetes, COVID-19, climate change, and police violence. This quasi-experimental study determined the impact of providing an online adaptation of TBP during the COVID-19 pandemic to urban, low-income, diverse high school students (3 intervention schools assigned to receive TBP-based spoken word program; 3 comparison schools received a non-health focused spoken word program).

The Pediatric Rigid Stylet Improves First-Pass Success Compared With the Standard Malleable Stylet and Tracheal Tube Introducer in a Simulated Pediatric Emergency Intubation.

Background: Pediatric emergency intubation is a high-acuity, low-occurrence procedure. Despite advances in technology, the success of this procedure remains low and adverse events are very high. Prospective observational studies in children have demonstrated improved success with the use of video laryngoscopy (VL) compared with direct laryngoscopy, although reported first-pass success (FPS) rates are lower than that reported for adults.

A Guide for Successful Research Collaborations between Zoos and Universities.

Zoos offer university researchers unique opportunities to study animals that would be difficult or impractical to find in the wild. However, the different cultures, goals, and priorities of these institutions can be a source of conflict. How can researchers build mutually beneficial collaborations with their local zoo? In this article, we present the results of a survey of 117 personnel from 59 zoos around the United States, where we highlight best practices spanning all phases of collaboration, from planning to working alongside the zoo and maintaining contact afterward.

Bridging the Research Gap between Live Collections in Zoos and Preserved Collections in Natural History Museums.

Zoos and natural history museums are both collections-based institutions with important missions in biodiversity research and education. Animals in zoos are a repository and living record of the world's biodiversity, whereas natural history museums are a permanent historical record of snapshots of biodiversity in time. Surprisingly, despite significant overlap in institutional missions, formal partnerships between these institution types are infrequent.

Intubation During Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in the Emergency Department Is Associated With Reduced First-Pass Success.

Background: Airway compromise and respiratory failure are leading causes of pediatric cardiac arrest making advanced airway management central to pediatric resuscitation. Previous literature has demonstrated that achieving first-pass success (FPS) is associated with fewer adverse events. In cardiac arrest for adult patients, increasing number of intubation attempts is associated with lower likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and favorable neurologic outcome.