Does metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT) improve neurocognitive performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Metacognitive training for psychosis (MCT) offers benefits for addressing hallmark deficits/symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders including reductions in cognitive biases and positive/negative symptoms as well as improvements in social cognition and functioning. However, differing results exist regarding the relationship between MCT and neurocognition. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of this relationship would significantly contribute to the existing literature and our understanding of the potential added value of MCT as a cognitive intervention for psychosis.

Consideration of T-Cell Profile in the Examination of Statin Efficacy in Inflammatory Diseases, Neurodegeneration, and Neurocognitive Performance.

Statins are a cornerstone in the medical management of cardiovascular disease, yet their efficacy varies greatly between individuals. In this commentary, we outline the evidence for the role of CD4+CD28null T-cell expansion as a critical moderator of the effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular events via the reduction of pathological inflammation. Given this relationship, we argue that T-cell profiles should be considered as a patient characteristic in clinical and preclinical studies examining statin efficacy in other age- and inflammation-related pathologies.

The Impact of an Artificial Intelligence Certificate Program on Radiology Resident Education.

Rationale And Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot artificial intelligence (AI) certificate program in aiding radiology trainees to develop an understanding of the evolving role and application of artificial intelligence in radiology. A secondary objective was set to determine the background of residents that would most benefit from such training.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective pilot study involving 42 radiology residents at two separate residency programs who participated in the Radiological Society of North America Imaging AI Foundational Certificate course over a four-month period.

New Frontiers in Breast Cancer Imaging: The Rise of AI.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been implemented in multiple fields of medicine to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. AI implementation in radiology, more specifically for breast imaging, has advanced considerably. Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer mortality among women, and there has been increased attention towards creating more efficacious methods for breast cancer detection utilizing AI to improve radiologist accuracy and efficiency to meet the increasing demand of our patients.

Validating racial and ethnic non-bias of artificial intelligence decision support for diagnostic breast ultrasound evaluation.

Purpose: Breast ultrasound suffers from low positive predictive value and specificity. Artificial intelligence (AI) proposes to improve accuracy, reduce false negatives, reduce inter- and intra-observer variability and decrease the rate of benign biopsies. Perpetuating racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare and patient outcome is a potential risk when incorporating AI-based models into clinical practice; therefore, it is necessary to validate its non-bias before clinical use.

Effects of metacognitive training (MCT) on social cognition for schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders (SSD) experience significant impairments in social cognition that impede functioning. Social cognition is a multidimensional construct consisting of four domains: 1. theory of mind, 2.

C-Reactive protein and cognition: Mediation analyses with brain morphology in the UK Biobank.

Cognitive impairments and abnormal immune activity are both associated with various clinical disorders. The association between C-Reactive protein (CRP), a marker associated with inflammation, and cognitive performance remains unclear. Further, mechanisms potentially linking CRP to cognition are not yet established.

The RSNA ImageShare - Enabling Secure, Transparent, and Easy Image Exchange.

In the early 2000s, the radiology community was awakened to the limitations of electronic media (CDs, DVDs) for exchanging imaging exams. Clinicians frustrated by the time-consuming task of opening discs, while Internet-based exchange of music, photos, and videos were becoming more widespread. The RSNA, which had extensive experience working on interoperability issues in medical imaging, began to look for opportunities to address the issue.

Predicting Patient Demographics From Chest Radiographs With Deep Learning.

Background: Deep learning models are increasingly informing medical decision making, for instance, in the detection of acute intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism. However, many models are trained on medical image databases that poorly represent the diversity of the patients they serve. In turn, many artificial intelligence models may not perform as well on assisting providers with important medical decisions for underrepresented populations.

Immediate and Sustained Outcomes and Moderators Associated With Metacognitive Training for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: A substantial increase in the number of trials examining metacognitive training (MCT) for psychosis necessitates an updated examination of the outcomes associated with MCT.

Objectives: To review the immediate and sustained associations of MCT with proximal (directly targeted) and distal (indirectly influenced) outcomes and assess treatment- and participant-related moderators to identify the potential factors associated with the expected heterogeneity of effect sizes.

Data Sources: Eleven electronic databases were searched from 2007 to June 3, 2021 (alert until September 10, 2021).

Remote group therapies for cognitive health in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: Feasible, acceptable, engaging.

Severe cognitive impairments and cognitive distortions are core to schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) and are associated with deteriorated social functioning. Despite well-established efficacy of group psychosocial therapies targeting cognitive health in SSDs, dissemination of these programs remains limited. Remote delivery offers a promising strategy for increasing the programs' accessibility.

Moving Toward Seamless Interinstitutional Electronic Image Transfer.

The fact that medical images are still predominately exchanged between institutions via physical media is unacceptable in the era of value-driven health care. Although better solutions are technically possible, problems of coordination and market dynamics may be inhibiting progress more than technical factors. We provide a macrosystem analysis of the problem of interinstitutional medical image exchange and propose a strategy for nudging the market toward a patient-friendly solution.

An Interview with the Carequality Imaging Use Case Implementers.

Imagine you had a cell phone plan that only allowed you to call other customers within the same carrier network. That is the situation most healthcare providers experience when joining a data sharing network. Carequality is a network-to-network trust framework that brings together the entire healthcare industry to overcome this challenge by providing a national-level, consensus built, common interoperability framework to enable health information exchange between and among health data sharing networks.

Transforming an Orthopaedic Unit Into an "Age-Friendly" Unit Through Implementation of the American Geriatrics Society's CoCare: Ortho Program.

Objective: To transform an inpatient orthopaedic unit into an age-friendly unit for geriatric fracture center (GFC) patients.

Design: Pragmatic dissemination study of a continuous quality improvement intervention with episodic data review.

Setting: Large quaternary care university hospital with no on-site geriatrics program and no dedicated geriatric inpatient unit.

Own the Fall: AOA Critical Issues.

Falls are the most common cause of injury to older patients, resulting in >3 million emergency room visits per year and 290,000 hip fractures annually in the United States. Orthopaedic surgeons care for the majority of these patients; however, they are rarely involved in the assessment of fall risk and providing prevention strategies. Falls also occur perioperatively (e.

Automated detection of critical findings in multi-parametric brain MRI using a system of 3D neural networks.

With the rapid growth and increasing use of brain MRI, there is an interest in automated image classification to aid human interpretation and improve workflow. We aimed to train a deep convolutional neural network and assess its performance in identifying abnormal brain MRIs and critical intracranial findings including acute infarction, acute hemorrhage and mass effect. A total of 13,215 clinical brain MRI studies were categorized to training (74%), validation (9%), internal testing (8%) and external testing (8%) datasets.

Initial Management of Noncastrate Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: Update all preceding ASCO guidelines on initial hormonal management of noncastrate advanced, recurrent, or metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: The Expert Panel based recommendations on a systematic literature review. Recommendations were approved by the Expert Panel and the ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee.

Diaphragmatic excursion: Quantitative measure to assess adequacy of expiratory phase CT chest images.

Objective: To evaluate diaphragmatic excursion as a quantitative metric for change in lung volume between inspiratory and expiratory chest computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: A 12-month retrospective review identified 226 chest CT exams with inspiratory and expiratory phase imaging, 63 in individuals referred with diagnosis of asthma by ICD9/10 code. Exams acquired in the supine position at 1.

Legal Implications of Personal Protective Equipment Use When Treating Patients for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).

Front-line health care personnel, including anaesthetists, otolaryngologists, and other health professionals dealing with acute cases of coronavirus, face a high risk of infection and thus mortality. The scientific evidence establishes that to protect them, hospital protocols should require that wearing of the highest levels of personal protective equipment (PPE) be available for doctors and nurses performing aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation, sputum induction, open suctioning of airways, bronchoscopy, etc. of COVID-19 patients.

Postacute Management of Older Adults Suffering an Osteoporotic Hip Fracture: A Consensus Statement From the International Geriatric Fracture Society.

Background: The majority of patients require postacute care (PAC) after a hip fracture. Despite its importance, there is no established consensus regarding the standards of care provided to hip fracture patients in PAC facilities.

Methodology: A writing group was created by professionals from the International Geriatric Fracture Society (IGFS) with representation from other organizations.

The Diverse Implementation of Geriatrics-Orthopedics Comanagement Programs in the United States.

Background: Many health systems are establishing geriatrics-orthopedics (Geri-Ortho) comanagement programs; however, there is paucity of published information on existing programs' variations in clinical operations, structure, and reported implementation challenges and perceived successes.

Objective: Our objective was to obtain detailed information about the variety of existing Geri-Ortho comanagement programs in the United States.

Design/particpants: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 44 existing Geri-Ortho comanagement programs, with 23 (52%) of programs responding.

Preoperative Noninvasive Cardiac Testing in Older Adults with Hip Fracture: A Multi-Site Study.

Background/objectives: For older adults with acute hip fracture, use of preoperative noninvasive cardiac testing may lead to delays in surgery, thereby contributing to worse outcomes. Our study objective was to evaluate the preoperative use of pharmacologic stress testing and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in older adults hospitalized with hip fracture.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Implementation of Hip Fracture Co-Management Program (AGS CoCare: Ortho®) in a Large Health System.

Objectives: Acute hip fracture is common and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Co-management programs, such as American Geriatric Society (AGS) CoCare: Ortho®, that optimize perioperative care of older adults, have demonstrated improved outcomes. Yet there is substantial variation in hip fracture care nationally.