Modulatory effects of bortezomib on host immune cell functions.

Bortezomib is an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway responsible for intracellular protein turnover. Cellular proteins controlled by this pathway represent a diverse group of potential therapeutic targets, particularly in cancer cells, which exploit this proteasomal pathway to promote their growth and diminish apoptosis. Along with inhibiting the proteasome and thus sensitizing tumor cells to apoptosis, bortezomib may also have multiple effects on the host immune responses.

Vespa tropica venom suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cyto-chemokines by abrogating nuclear factor-κ B activation in microglia.

Objective And Design: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potentials of Vespa tropica (VT) venom and its isolated peptides. Effects of whole venom and its two peptides (Vt1512 and Vt1386) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged BV-2 murine microglial cells was evaluated.

Materials: Mouse microglial cell line, BV-2 and crude venom extract as well as purified peptides from VT along with LPS from Salmonella enterica were used for the studies.

MicroRNA 155 regulates Japanese encephalitis virus-induced inflammatory response by targeting Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase 1.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small RNA molecules that regulate various cellular processes. miRNA 155 (miR-155) regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a key role in various viral infections and the resulting neuroinflammation. The present study evaluated the involvement of miR-155 in modulating Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-induced neuroinflammation.

MicroRNA-29b modulates Japanese encephalitis virus-induced microglia activation by targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus, is the leading cause of encephalitis in Asia. Microglial activation is one of the key events in JEV-induced neuroinflammation. Although the various microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to regulate microglia activation during pathological conditions including neuroviral infections, till date, the involvement of miRNAs in JEV infection has not been evaluated.

Protective role of standardized Feronia limonia stem bark methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity.

Objective: This study evaluates hepatoprotective potential of Feronia limonia stem bark (FSB) extracts and fractions using experimental models.

Materials And Methods: Activity levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cell viability were evaluated in HepG2 cells treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in presence or absence of FL extracts or fractions. Also, plasma markers of hepatic damage, hepatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and histopathological alterations were assessed in rats treated with CCl4 alone or in combination with 200 or 400 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) of FSB-7 or 25 mg/kg BW of silymarin.