[Femoral neck stress fracture in a young runner - a rare but severe injury].

A 29-year-old athlete suffered from vague hip pain during the preparation for a marathon competition. During the competition, severe pain forced him to drop out after 29 kilometres. He underwent conventional x-rays immediately, which showed a displaced lateral fracture of the femoral neck.

Sonication of retrieved implants improves sensitivity in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection.

Background: Sonication is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, conditions and definition criteria for PJI vary among studies. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance (i.

Bilateral Proximal Humerus Fracture - a Rare Combination with a High Complication Rate after Surgery.

Introduction: Bilateral acute proximal humerus fractures are rare. There are no data available about these bilateral injuries. The aim of the study was to analyse bilateral proximal humerus fractures retrospectively in terms of incidence, complications and revisions.

[Cryopallidotomy in Parkinson disease. Effect on somatosensory potentials].

The paper reports 4-years results of a pilot study concerning the influence of a stereotactic pallidotomy on somatosensory evoked potentials in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Potentials were recorded through the scalp surface from sensorimotor cortex of both hemispheres. Amplitudes and latencies of early and late waves were compared before and after the surgery.

[Somatosensory evoked potentials in a patient with Parkinson's disease before and after cryothalamotomy].

To document changes in SEPs in PD we have chosen a patient with the idiopathic form of the disease. Because of drug intolerance and progressively deteriorating clinical course she was selected for thalamotomy. Before the operation we recorded oscillations in the range of 150-300 Hz superimposed on SEP over the area of the right hand cortical representation, an a low amplitude of the N20-P25-N34 components.

[The effect of stereotaxic injuries on the medial temporal brain structures on memorization of successively or simultaneously presented material].

Effect of stereotaxic injuries to the medial temporal brain structures on memorization of material presented successively or simultaneously was studied. The study aimed at testing whether stereotaxic damage to the hippocampus and amygdala results in a memory deficit and whether functions subserved by those structures depend on type and organization of the memorized material. The results indicate that even small damage to the medial temporal lobe structures may result in a deficit in memorization ability.

[Automatic analysis of frequency spectrum in localization of topography of epileptic discharges at early stages of the disease].

The authors present the value of frequency spectrum analysis in the method of cerebral mapping for the diagnosis and localization of epileptic focus. The patient aged 17 years showed atypical clinical symptoms. The study made possible confirmation of epilepsy, demonstration of two independent epileptogenic foci, and correlation of the atypical clinical syndrome with the location of the foci.

[Brain mapping in Parkinson disease treated by cryothalamotomy].

Brain mapping of the cerebral bioelectric activity was done by the BEAM method in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease treated by cryothalamotomy. Conventional egg examinations demonstrating relatively small changes of the type of local asymmetry of frequencies and/or amplitudes, sporadic focal changes, and sporadic generalized and disseminated generalized changes were analysed in a computer system in the domain of frequency and time. Brain mapping demonstrated very distinctly the asymmetry in the frequency bands alpha and beta.

[Brain mapping in atonic epileptic attacks with consciousness disorders at school age].

The paper presents the results of the analysis of atonic epileptic seizures with application of brain mapping eeg. The views to date on the pathogenesis of atonic seizures could be based on the assumptions of centrencephalic epilepsy voiced by Penfield and Jasper. The present investigations and electrophysiological-clinical observations support, however, contrary to the concept of Penfield and Jasper, the cortical origin of these seizures.

[The process of learning verbal material in patients with various damaged cerebral structures].

The results are described of a study of the process of verbal material learning and its recall after distraction in 20 patients with involuntary movements treated by thalamotomy, and in 20 epileptic patients treated by amygdalotomy and hippocampotomy. In both groups learning difficulties had been noted already before the operation. In postoperative tests these difficulties were found to have increased immediately after the surgical intervention in patients with lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Parkinson's syndrome induced in cats by the use of 6-hydroxydopamine. Observations of behavior and motor disorders.

The possibility of inducing Parkinson's syndrome in cats was investigated in three kinds of lesions: by microinjection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of substantia nigra (SNC), bilateral injection into the SNC and globus pallidus (GP) and into the SNC and caput nuclei caudati (NC). In all three kinds of lesions of the dopaminergic system disturbances of behavior involving specially the motor system were obtained, corresponding to the parkinsonism syndrome--in the form of bradykinesia-akinesia, increased muscle tonus of plastic type, vegetative disorders (sialorrhea, pupils) and psychic disorders such as lack of interest in the surroundings and food. The character of the enhanced muscle tonus typical for extrapyramidal disturbances was confirmed by EMG examination.

[Effect of dehydrobenzperidol (DHB) on cortical and thalamic somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with muscle dystonia].

Investigations of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with muscular dystonia meet with difficulties due to abnormal muscle tone and dyskinesia producing myogenic artifacts deforming potentials recorded after their evoking. For obtaining better conditions for recording of somatosensory evoked potentials single dose of DHB was used. Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded before and after operations and during stereotactic thalamotomy of the complex of the VL nucleus in the thalamus.

[Ballism syndromes treated by cryothalamotomy].

Two cases of ballism of different aetiology and clinical manifestations are reported. One of them was a typical case of hemiballism with exceptionally violent hyperkineses leading to injuries to extremities. The syndrome developed after stroke.

[Verbal, visual and aural memory in the early postoperative period in patients treated by thalamotomy].

Verbal memory and learning ability were determined before the operation and immediately 3-4 weeks after stereotactic surgery in 11 patients with extrapyramidal motor disturbances treated by ventrolateral (VL and Vim) thalamotomy. Preoperative examinations demonstrated disturbances of short-term verbal memory with narrowing of its extent and increased susceptibility of the trace to interference. Long-term memory was disturbed also, with presence of difficulties in recall and difficulties in memorization of verbal materials.

[Effect of diazepam on somatosensory evoked potentials].

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded in 15 patients with extrapyramidal disturbances after intravenous administration of 10 mg of diazepam (Relanium, Polfa). Cortical SEP were recorded before and after operations and thalamic SEP were recorded during stereotaxic interventions on thalamic nuclei VL and Vim. The results demonstrated that diazepam had a significant positive influence on the recording of SEP, eliminating muscular artifacts caused by increased muscular tonus and extrapyramidal tremor.

[Writer's cramp syndrome treated successfully by thalamotomy].

In the literature the prevalent until now opinion was that writer's cramp was a disturbance of psychic origin or an occupational neurosis. However, the authors treated successfully three cases of this syndrome with thalamotomy in the years 1976-1982. Two cases were in subject with right-handedness who had graphospasm with evidence of increasing difficulty in writing until complete impossibility of further writing, after several years postural and intentional tremor appeared, and dystonic symptoms developed in the right foot.

[Cryohypophysectomy in acromegaly and gigantism by the stereotaxic method].

The authors report results of surgical treatment of 30 patients treated by cryohypophysectomy by the stereotactic method through the nose and sphenoid sinus in the years 1967-1979. The material included 28 cases of acromegaly and 2 cases of gigantism. The pathological manifestations in acromegaly and gigantism were analysed for demonstration which of them can regress after surgical treatment.

[Processes of verbal memory in patients with involuntary movements treated by thalamotomy].

The authors tested verbal memory and learning in 15 patients with motor disturbances treated by ventrolateral thalamotomy before operation and late after it, after a mean time of 5.8 years. Disturbances of verbal memory in the form of retrieval of information from the memory stores and disturbances of learning of verbal material were found already before the operation.

[Computerized infusion test. II. Clinical use].

In 39 patients with intracranial lesions the resorption resistance was measured using an own computerized infusion test. A high usefulness of this test was demonstrated in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and for establishing indications to ventriculocardiac valve implantation. In patients after craniocerebral injuries a rise was observed of the resorption resistance immediately after trauma in cases with subarachnoid haemorrhage.

[Thalamic somatosensory potentials after peripheral stimulation and cortical somatosensory potentials after electric stimulation of thalamic nuclei VOa and VOp (preliminary report)].

In patients with extrapyramidal syndromes thalamic action potentials were recorded during operations with a five-point brain electrode and in the same cases somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded from the skull. Thalamic potentials were recorded after peripheral stimulation, and evoked potentials from the skull were recorded after electrostimulation of thalamic nuclei VOa and VOp. At the thalamic level a short-latency positive-negative potential had a maximal amplitude in one only lead, which confirmed sharp projection of body surface into various thalamic nuclei.

[Effect of cryosurgery of the thalamic nuclei on somatosensory evoked potentials].

Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded in two groups of patients with extrapyramidal syndromes including: 1) parkinsonian syndromes, 2) spasmodic torticollis. In the first group stereotactic lesions were produced at the borderline between VOp and Vim nuclei, and in the second group they were situated in VOa and VOi thalamic nuclei. Short-latency components of the potentials were analysed assuming that they were the specific parts of the somatosensory potential and their value was doubtless, in contrast to the late latency components.

[Effect of brietal and gamma-OH on the bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex and deep temporal structures in SEEG studies in patients with epilepsy].

Eleven SEEG investigations were analysed in patients with temporal epilepsy after separate intravenous injection of Brietal and gamma-OH. The authors discuss a modification of the background activity and pathological seizure discharges in the cortex and deep structures of the temporal lobes. Attention is called to an evident increase of the quantitative and qualitative elements of excitation or manifestation of seizure activity not present previously.