Therapeutic Effects of Oral Application of Menthol and Extracts from Tormentil (), Raspberry Leaves (), and Loosestrife () during Acute Murine Campylobacteriosis.

Human food-borne infections with the enteropathogen are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Since antibiotics are usually not indicated in campylobacteriosis, alternative treatment regimens are important. We here investigated potential disease-alleviating effects of menthol and of extracts from tormentil, raspberry leaves, and loosestrife in acute murine campylobacteriosis.

Plant Polyphenols as Inhibitors of Hydrolases are Regulators of Digestion.

Background: There are numerous reports on the use of polyphenol-containing foods and various medicinal plant preparations for the prophylaxis and therapy of metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, respectively. One unifying aspect to the effect of these natural compounds is their ability to inhibit digestive enzymes, which is the focus of this review.

Summary: Polyphenols inhibit nonspecifically hydrolytic enzymes included in the digestion process, e.

Inhibition of osteosarcoma by European Mistletoe derived val-miR218.

Aim: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of plant-derived miRNAs, which have been considered new bioactive ingredients in medicinal plants. L., commonly used as an adjuvant cancer therapy in central Europe, contains a large number of miRNAs associated with human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.

Fruits of in human leukocytes and Caco-2 cell monolayer models-A question about their preventive role in lipopolysaccharide leakage and cytokine secretion in endotoxemia.

Preparations from L. (sea buckthorn) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin and digestive disorders, such as gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, uterine erosions, as well as oral, rectal, and vaginal mucositis, in particular in the Himalayan and Eurasian regions. An influence of an aqueous extract from the fruits of (HR) on leakage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from through gut epithelium developed from the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) monolayer and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation were the principal objectives of the study.

Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being.

Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention.

Potentially Bio-Accessible Metabolites from an Extract of Fruit after Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro and Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo Treatment.

Targeting pancreatic lipase and α-amylase by digestion-derived fractions of ethanolic-aqueous (60%, /) extract from fruit (CM) in relation to the control and prevention of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, was the first purpose of the present study. Taking into consideration the significance of bio-accessibility of compounds, we attempted to identify metabolites of CM after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, as well as their kinetic changes upon gut microbiota treatment. The digestion of extract was simulated with digestive enzymes in vitro and human gut microbiota ex vivo (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h), followed by chromatographic analysis using the UHPLC-DAD-MS method.

Fluorometric quantification of alkaloids in the homeopathic mother tinctures of L. and L.

To assess the toxic potential of the alkaloids, a quantification method is necessary. An ion pair extraction method was used for quantitative fluorometric determination of vincamine, protopine and all contained alkaloids in the mother tinctures of and . The non-fluorescent alkaloids were transformed into an ion pair with sodium-9,10-dimethoxy-anthracene-sulfonate and then fluorometrically determined and quantified in this study.

and -A Comparison of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Standardized Fruit Extracts in Human Neutrophils and Caco-2 Models.

Fruits of and are representative plant materials traditionally used in Europe and Asia, respectively, in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, which are often mediated by pathogenic inflammatory agents. Additionally, due to the fact of mutual infiltration of Asian and European medicines, the differentiation as well as standardization of traditional prescriptions seem to be crucial for ensuring the quality of traditional products. The objective of this study was a comparison of biological activity of extracts from fruits of and by an assessment of their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human neutrophils as well as cytokines secretion both in neutrophils (tumor necrosis factor , TNF- ; interleukin 8, IL-8; interleukin 1, IL-1) and in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 (IL-8).

Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model.

The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated for these plants.

Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.

Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool.

Two new triterpenoid saponins: telephiifoliosides A and B from the roots of subsp. (Pourr.) Briq.

The polar fraction of the MeOH extract of the roots of subsp. (Pourr.) Briq.

Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Nanovesicles: Focus on Secondary Metabolites, Proteins and Lipids with Perspectives on Their Potential and Sources.

While human extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted a big deal of interest and have been extensively characterized over the last years, plant-derived EVs and nanovesicles have earned less attention and have remained poorly investigated. Although a series of investigations already revealed promising beneficial health effects and drug delivery properties, adequate (pre)clinical studies are rare. This fact might be caused by a lack of sources with appropriate qualities.

Pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of extracts from selected plant materials after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro.

A screening of inhibitory activity of α-amylase, as well as pancreatic lipase (PL), under the influence of aqueous and ethanolic preparations from 12 plant materials was performed. The most active aqueous extracts from the fruits of Chaenomeles japonica (CJ) and Hippophaë rhamnoides (HR) were selected for artificial gastrointestinal digestion (GID). The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the fractions obtained after GID on PL and α-amylase activities using a fluorescence assay.

Antiadhesive activity of hydroethanolic extract from bean pods of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) against uropathogenic E. coli and permeability of its constituents through Caco-2 cells monolayer.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Phaseaoli pericarpium (bean pods) is a pharmacopeial plant material traditionally used as a diuretic and antidiabetic agents. Diuretic activity of pod extracts was reported first in 1608. Since then Phaseoli pericarpium tea figures in many textbooks as medicinal plant material used by patients.

Gut microbiota metabolism and the permeability of natural products contained in infusions from herb of European goldenrod Solidago virgaurea L.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Solidago virgaurea L. (also known as European goldenrod) is a pharmacopoeial plant material popularly used by patients in the form of an infusion. It was traditionally used in Europe and North America for the treatment of urinary tract conditions.

Ellagitannins Stimulate IPEC-J2 Cells Monolayer Formation and Inhibit Enteropathogenic Growth and Adhesion.

herb (LSH) was applied in diarrhea therapy since ancient times. Despite empirically referenced therapeutic effects, the bioactivity mechanisms and chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological activity remain not fully resolved. Taking into consideration the historical use of LSH in treatment of diarrhea in humans and farm animals, the aim of the study was to examine in vitro the influence of LSH and its -glycosylic ellagitannins on processes associated with maintaining intestinal epithelium integrity and enteropathogenic (EPEC) growth and adhesion.

Comparative studies of urolithins and their phase II metabolites on macrophage and neutrophil functions.

Purpose: Ellagitannins are high molecular weight polyphenols present in high quantities in various food products. They are metabolized by human and animal gut microbiota to postbiotic metabolites-urolithins, bioavailable molecules of a low molecular weight. Following absorption in the gut, urolithins rapidly undergo phase II metabolism.

An unusual type I ribosome-inactivating protein from Agrostemma githago L.

Agrostemma githago L. (corn cockle) is an herbaceous plant mainly growing in Europe. The seeds of the corn cockle are toxic and poisonings were widespread in the past by consuming contaminated flour.

Lythrum salicaria L. herb and gut microbiota of healthy post-weaning piglets. Focus on prebiotic properties and formation of postbiotic metabolites in ex vivo cultures.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herb of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L. from Lythraceae family) (LSH) was used in Europe since ancient times till early-20th century in the therapy of diarrhea and dysentery in human and veterinary medicine. Post-weaning diarrhea is a main problem affecting global piglet production, which leads to significant economic losses because of increased morbidity and mortality, reduced average daily gain, and high antibiotic consumption.

Ligand Diffusion Enables Force-Independent Cell Adhesion via Activating α5β1 Integrin and Initiating Rac and RhoA Signaling.

Cells reside in a dynamic microenvironment in which adhesive ligand availability, density, and diffusivity are key factors regulating cellular behavior. Here, the cellular response to integrin-binding ligand dynamics by directly controlling ligand diffusivity via tunable ligand-surface interactions is investigated. Interestingly, cell spread on the surfaces with fast ligand diffusion is independent of myosin-based force generation.

Tormentillae rhizoma - Review for an Underestimated European Herbal Drug.

is a medicinal plant described under its traditional name Tormentil in medieval herbal books and used until today in many European countries. Today monographs for Tormentillae rhizoma in the European pharmacopeia, as well as a monograph of the Herbal Medicinal Product Commission as a drug for traditional use, exist. The present review summarizes published investigations in phytochemistry and pharmacology, together with new findings reflecting the mechanisms of action of ellagitannins as one of the main ingredients of this herbal drug.

Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Fruits of , subsp. and -A Comparative Study.

The fruits of some species (dogwoods) are used in traditional medicine and considered potential anti-diabetic and hypolipemic agents. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of extracts from (CA), (CF), and (CS) to inhibit digestive enzymes namely -amylase, pancreatic lipase, and -glucosidase, as well as isolation of compounds from plant material with the strongest effect. In addition, the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of extracts from three dogwoods were compared with HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and DPPH scavenging assay, respectively.

Extracellular Vesicles-Connecting Kingdoms.

It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells of almost every type of cell or organism, showing their ubiquity in all empires of life. EVs are defined as naturally released particles from cells, delimited by a lipid bilayer, and cannot replicate. These nano- to micrometer scaled spheres shuttle a set of bioactive molecules.

Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Cefabronchin.

Antibiotic resistance of has risen to worrying levels in the past few decades worldwide, and subsequently, effective treatment of respiratory tract infections has become even more challenging. While the need to develop new strategies to combat bacterial infections is urgent, novel antibiotic compounds are no longer a priority of the pharmaceutical industry. However, resistance-modifying agents can alleviate the spread of antibiotic resistance and render existing antibiotics effective again.

A new ursane-type triterpene oxoglucopyranoside from Crossopteryx febrifuga.

A new saponin, 3-O-β-d-3-oxo-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga together with the known 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), shanzhiside methyl ester (3), shanzhiside (4), β-sitosterol (5), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (7), hederagenin (8), and oleanolic acid (9). The structures were established by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data 1D- (1H and 13C), 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC), spectroscopic, and electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The isolated compounds and extracts were screened for their antibacterial properties.