Evaluation of the influence of hyoid bone position, volume, and types on pharyngeal airway volume and cephalometric measurements.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the position, morphological, and morphometric properties of the hyoid bone (HB) and to investigate the effect of HB on the pharyngeal airway (PA) volume and cephalometric measurements.

Methods: A total of 305 patients with CT images were included in the study. DICOM images were transferred to the InVivoDental three-dimensional imaging software.

Comparison of hyoid bone morphology between obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy individuals.

Objective: We aimed to find morphological properties of the hyoid bone, which are predominant among the patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and compare them with healthy individuals.

Methods: A total of 67 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image sequences of patients (44 males, 23 females) diagnosed with OSA and a total of 70 multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data of non-OSA patients (45 males, 25 females) were selected in this study. DICOM images were imported into InVivo 5.

A Case Report of Primary Breast Angiosarcoma: Clinical Presentation and Outcome After Adjuvant Radiotherapy.

Angiosarcomas of the breast are infrequent subtypes of sarcoma that are often diagnosed after radiation therapy for primary breast cancer. Primary angiosarcomas (PAS) are rare tumors that constitute 0.04% of all malignant breast tumors.

Challenges and differences in external radiation therapy for retinoblastoma: from standard techniques to new developments.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to calculate the treatment plans and to compare the dose distributions and dose-volume histograms (DVH) for 6 external radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of retinoblastoma as well as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (Cyberknife).

Methods: Treatment plans were developed using 6 techniques, including an en face electron technique (ET), an anterior and lateral wedge photon technique (LFT), a 3D conformal (6 fields) technique (CRT), an inverse plan IMRT, tomotherapy, and conventional focal stereotactic external beam radiotherapy with Cyberknife (SBRT). Dose volume analyses were carried out for each technique.

Comparison of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional conformal treatment plans in gastric cancer radiotherapy.

Background: Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is accepted as standard treatment for stage IB-IV, M0 gastric cancer. Radiotherapy (RT) planning of gastric cancer is important because of the low radiation tolerance of surrounding critical organs. The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric aspects of 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) treatment plans, with the twin aims of evaluating the adequacy of 2D planning fields on coverage of planning target volume (PTV) and 3D conformal plans for both covering PTV and reducing the normal tissue doses.

Evaluation of the radiation pneumonia development risk in lung cancer cases.

Background: Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the recommended standard treatment modality for patients with locally advanced lung cancer. The purpose of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) is to minimize normal tissue damage while a high dose can be delivered to the tumor. The most common dose limiting side effect of thoracic RT is radiation pneumonia (RP).

Gliosarcoma: a study of four cases.

Gliosarcomas (GS) are highly malignant and rare tumors of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. We report here on four patients with GS, the median survival for whom was 9.25 months.

Role of Radionuclide Therapy as Adjuvant to Palliative External Beam Radiotherapy for Painful Multiple Skeletal Metastasis.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the palliative efficacy of localized external radiotherapy (RT) combined with systemic radionuclide (RN) therapy in patients who had multiple painful osseous metastases of different primary origins.

Methods: Thirty-three patients initially local external radiotherapy was delivered to the most symptomatic region in all patients. Then they received either Re 186 HEDP or Sm 153 EDTMP.

Patterns of care for lung cancer in radiation oncology departments of Turkey.

Purpose: To determine the patterns of care for lung cancer in Turkish radiation oncology centers.

Methods And Materials: Questionnaire forms from 21 of 24 (87.5%) centers that responded were evaluated.

Mid-course thoracic radiotherapy with cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Combination chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LSSCLC). However, there is still controversery about the optimal timing of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT). In this study, the outcome of 70 patients who had received TRT at a dose of median 50 Gy (range, 46-60 Gy) with a second or third cycle of chemotherapy (CHT) either concurrently (n=41) or sequentially (n=29) were analyzed retrospectively.

Cases of glioblastoma multiforme metastasizing to spinal cord.

Cases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) metastasizing to the leptomeninx or the intramedullary spine are quite rare and prognoses are relatively poor. We present three cases of GBM with spinal metastasis, one of which also had leptomeningeal dissemination. Three patients with GBM were admitted to our clinic for postoperative radiotherapy after surgery.

Ghrelin may reduce radiation-induced mucositis and anorexia in head-neck cancer.

Body weight loss is common in cancer patients, and is often associated with poor prognosis, it greatly impairs quality of life (QOL). Radiation therapy (RT) is used in head and neck cancers (HNC) either as a primary treatment or as an adjuvant therapy to surgery. Patients with HNC are most susceptible to malnutrition especially due to anorexia, which is aggravated by RT.

Effects of probiotics on radiation-induced intestinal injury in rats.

Objective: Radiotherapy is an important aspect of multimodal cancer therapy, but radiation-induced acute intestinal injury is a common and serious problem. Disruption of morphologic mucosal integrity and normal bacterial microflora after abdominal radiation leads to malabsorption and bacterial translocation.

Methods: Lactobacillus bulgaricus strain isolated from yogurt was given as a probiotic to rats subjected to radiotherapy.

Carnosine may reduce lung injury caused by radiation therapy.

Ionising radiation is known one of the most effective tools in the therapy of cancer but in many thoracic cancers, the total prescribed dose of radiation that can be safely administered to the target volume is limited by the risk of complications arising in the normal lung tissue. One of the major reasons for cellular injury after radiation is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Radiation pneumonitis is an acute phase side-effect which generally subsides after a few weeks and is followed by a chronic phase characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, that can develop months or years after irradiation.

In vivo study to evaluate the protective effects of amifostine on radiation-induced damage of testis tissue.

Objective: To investigate the early protective effects of amifostine against radiation-induced damage on rat testis tissue.

Methods: Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomized to 4 groups: Saline solution was given to group A for control, 200 mg/kg amifostine (WR-2721) to group B, a single fraction of 6 Gy local irradiation to testes in group C and 200 mg/kg amifostine 15-30 min before 6 Gy testicular irradiation to group D. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks after treatment and their testes were removed for macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural histopathological examination.