Optimizing implementations of linear layers using two and higher input XOR gates.

Maximum distance separable (MDS) matrices are often used in the linear layer of a block cipher due to their good diffusion property. A well-designed lightweight MDS matrix, especially an involutory one, can provide both security and performance benefits to the cipher. Finding the corresponding effective linear straight-line program (SLP) of the circuit of a linear layer is still a challenging problem.

A new hybrid method combining search and direct based construction ideas to generate all 4 × 4 involutory maximum distance separable (MDS) matrices over binary field extensions.

This article presents a new hybrid method (combining search based methods and direct construction methods) to generate all involutory maximum distance separable (MDS) matrices over . The proposed method reduces the search space complexity at the level of , where represents the number of all invertible matrices over to be searched for. Hence, this enables us to generate all involutory MDS matrices over and .

A new surgical path planning framework for neurosurgery.

Background: Despite using a variety of path-finding algorithms that use tracts, the most significant advancement in this study is considering the values of all brain areas by doing atlas-based segmentation for a more precise search. Our motivation comes from the literature's shortcomings in designing and implementing path-planning methods. Since planning paths with curvatures is a complex problem that requires considering many surgical and physiological constraints, most path-planning strategies focus on straight paths.

Machine Learning-Based Surgical Planning for Neurosurgery: Artificial Intelligent Approaches to the Cranium.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in neurosurgery have an increasing momentum as well as the growing number of implementations in the medical literature. In recent years, AI research define a link between neuroscience and AI. It is a connection between knowing and understanding the brain and how to simulate the brain.