Feasibility study of computed high b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for pediatric posterior fossa tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of computed diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in pediatric posterior fossa tumors generated using high b-values.

Methods: We retrospectively performed our study on 32 pediatric patients who had undergone brain magnetic resonance imaging for a posterior fossa tumor between January 2016 and January 2022. The DWIs were evaluated for each patient by two blinded radiologists.

A new association of Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and persistent fifth aortic arch -double lumen aorta: a case report.

Background: Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorder, also known as Goldenhar Syndrome, which has several phenotypic features including craniofacial anomalies, cardiac, vertebral and central nervous system defects. Cardiovascular anomalies include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, aberrant right subclavian artery, coarctation of aorta, transposition of the great arteries, double inlet left ventricle, cor triatriatum, pulmonary artery stenosis, aortic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, partially or totally abnormal pulmonary venous return and bicuspid aortic valve. Persistent fifth aortic arch, also named as double lumen aortic arch, is a very rare cardivascular anomaly and usually associate other cardiac defects.

Can Point Shear Wave Elastography Be Used as an Early Indicator of Involvement?: Evaluation of the Pancreas and Liver in Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cystic fibrosis (CF) on pancreas and liver elasticity in young children using point shear wave elastography and to determine the relationship with clinical findings.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with genetically proven CF, who were admitted to our pediatric gastroenterology clinic, and 22 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver and pancreas were measured with point shear wave elastography.

Parathyroid adenoma presenting with multiple Brown tumors in an adolescent patient.

Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) and regulate calcium-phosphor metabolism. The overexpression of PTH is called hyperparathyroidism (HPT), and is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primer HPT (PHPT) is the most common cause of parathyroid adenomas (80%-85%).

Pulmonary Metastasis in Infantile Choriocarcinoma: Successful Outcome.

Background: Infantile choriocarcinoma is usually fatal without appropriate treatment.

Case Characteristics: A 3-month-old boy who presented with respiratory distress, hepatomegaly, amemia and bilateral nodular lesions on chest X-ray.

Observation: Fine-needle liver aspiration revealed necrotic tumour cells.

Epiploic Appendagitis as a Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen in the Pediatric Population: Report of Three Cases.

Epiploic appendagitis, caused by inflammation of small adipose tissue on the colon wall, is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain in the pediatric population. It is nearly impossible to establish a specific diagnosis merely on the basis of clinical findings; thus, radiological evaluation is always necessary. In this report, we present the cases of three children with abdominal pain who were diagnosed with epiploic appendagitis.

Quantitative assessment of muscular stiffness in children with cerebral palsy using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound elastography.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of quantitative analysis of muscle stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound elastography in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Seventeen children with spastic CP and 25 healthy children participated in the study between the years 2016-2017. The medial GCM in the CP group was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) by a physiatrist.

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography in Determining the Effects of Type 1 Diabetes on Pancreas and Kidney Elasticity in Children.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of type 1 diabetes on pancreas and kidney elasticity in children, using acoustic radiation force impulse ultrasound elastography.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty autoantibody-positive patients with type 1 diabetes (45% girls; mean [± SD] age, 11.7 ± 4.

Role of Point Shear Wave Elastography in the Determination of the Severity of Fibrosis in Pediatric Liver Diseases With Pathologic Correlations.

Objectives: Our aims in this study were as follows: (1) to determine the cutoff value that can distinguish between advanced liver fibrosis and normal liver tissue for two different elastographic techniques; (2) to determine the cutoff value that can distinguish mild liver fibrosis from normal liver tissue for the techniques; and (3) to assess tissue stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Seventy-five patients assessed for liver biopsy on the same day were evaluated by point shear wave elastography. Thirty-one healthy children and 11 children with NAFLD were also evaluated.

Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis with a unique imaging finding: multiple encephaloceles.

Osteopetrosis is a hereditary form of sclerosing bone dysplasia with various radiological and clinical presentations. The autosomal recessive type, also known as malignant osteopetrosis, is the most severe type, with the early onset of manifestations. A 5-month-old infant was admitted to our hospital with recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Structural brain alterations of Down's syndrome in early childhood evaluation by DTI and volumetric analyses.

Objectives: To provide an initial assessment of white matter (WM) integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the accompanying volumetric changes in WM and grey matter (GM) through volumetric analyses of young children with Down's syndrome (DS).

Methods: Ten children with DS and eight healthy control subjects were included in the study. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used in the DTI study for whole-brain voxelwise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of WM.

Prolonged acyclovir treatment in a child with opercular syndrome related to herpes simplex encephalitis.

HSV 1 encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic and focal viral encephalitis. Opercular syndrome is characterized by swallowing and speech difficulties which are associated with deterioration of voluntary control of face, pharynx, tongue and chewing muscles. It can be developed in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).

Ectopic cerebellar tissue of the posterior cranial fossa: diffusion tensor tractography and MR spectroscopy findings.

Purpose: Well-differentiated ectopic cerebellar tissue is extremely rare, with only 12 cases in the literature. Here, we describe a unique case of radiologically proven ectopic cerebellar tissue, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) findings, in a 6-day-old newborn.

Case: A 6-day-old newborn who had previously a fetal MRI referred to our department with the suspicion of an arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa.

Current radiological techniques used to evaluate unilateral partial ureteral obstruction: an experimental rabbit study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate functional and prognostic benefits of Doppler ultrasonography (DU), diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS), and magnetic resonance urography (MRU) during diagnosis and follow-up of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and to examine apoptosis rates caused by UPJO in an experimental rabbit model.

Method: Twenty-four rabbits were divided randomly into two groups. The left kidneys of 15 rabbits from the first group underwent Ulm-Miller surgery to create UPJO, whereas the left kidneys of nine rabbits from the second group underwent sham surgery.

A case of tuberculous peritonitis in childhood.

Currently, tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. Peritoneal tuberculosis occurs in approximately 1% of all of tuberculosis cases and is rarely observed in children. Diagnosis and treatment delays caused by mimicking many other intra-abdominal diseases can lead to increases in morbidity and mortality.

A missed diagnosis: acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a very rare encephalopathy subtype which is characterized by biphasic seizures and disturbance of consciousness in the acute stage followed in the subacute stage by restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter and finally resulting in cerebral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. Although exact pathogenesis of AESD is uncertain, the etiology of AESD has been attributed to viral and bacterial infection. Here we report a case of AESD in a 15-year-old mentally and motor retarded patient, diagnosed based on clinicoradiological correlation.