Evaluation of a milk-flow assessment technique in dairy cows with normal teat canals or stenotic teat canals.

Objective: To assess the usefulness and reliability of a milk-flow measurement technique and the values obtained in unobstructed teats and teats with teat canal stenosis in dairy cows.

Animals: 16 Holstein cows.

Procedures: Teats were assessed via hand milking and classified as unobstructed or partially obstructed.

Antinociceptive, sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of subarachnoid and epidural xylazine-lidocaine in xylazine-sedated calves.

Objective: To evaluate the antinociceptive, sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of subarachnoid and epidural administration of xylazine-lidocaine in xylazine-sedated calves.

Study Design: Prospective, crossover study.

Animals: Six clinically healthy Holstein calves.