Trace elements and metals in farmed sea bass and gilthead bream from Tenerife Island, Spain.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of metals (Ca, K, Na, Mg) and trace metals (Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd) in two fish species (gilthead bream [Sparus aurata] and sea bass [Dicentrarchus labrax]) collected from fish farms located along the coast of Tenerife Island. Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas Pb, Cd, and Ni were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents were 3.

Accumulation of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum Philippi, 1845, in an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands).

This document shows the results obtained from a study on the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the internal tissue and exoskeleton of sea urchins, collected from their natural habitat. The levels of lead and cadmium were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in the internal tissue were 304.

[Pain management in subarachnoid haemorrhage: a survey of French analgesic practices].

Objective: Pain management in patients having a subarachnoid haemorrhage was assessed in French intensive care unit of neurosurgical centres.

Study Design: Nationwide survey.

Methods: A standardized postal questionnaire was sent to senior doctor of every neurosurgical centres in France inquiring pain scores assessment, analgesics used and their routes of administration, centre's opinion about efficacy of pain management.

Management of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with mechanical circulatory support: a role for low-molecular-weight heparins?

Patients on mechanical circulatory support are at high risk of bleeding, particularly intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The management of ICH in patients needing anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies remains a challenge. We report our initial experience of ICH management with low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with mechanical circulatory support, without bleeding or thromboembolic complications.

Hydrocephalus due to idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. Report of three cases.

Idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus involving the four ventricles. Like other causes of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, it can be treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Three patients who were 21, 53, and 68 years of age presented with either headaches (isolated or associated with raised intracranial pressure) or vertigo, or a combination of gait disorders, sphincter disorders, and disorders of higher functions.

[Cerebral-vein thrombosis: retrospective study of twenty seven cases].

Purpose: Among the locations of venous thrombosis, even if rare, cerebral-vein thrombosis is a severe event with a high mortality rate. No aetiology is found in 20 to 30% of the cases. In recent years, inherited coagulation disorders have been described, as risk factors for venous thrombosis.

[Pathophysiology and principles of treatment of vasospasm].

The exact mechanism of vasospasm is still unknown. The etiology of cerebral vasospasm is subarachnoid blood clot. Vasospasm is a multifactorial process.

Rupture during treatment of recently ruptured aneurysms with Guglielmi electrodetachable coils.

Background And Purpose: We describe four cases of aneurysmal rupture during embolization with Guglielmi electrodetachable coils (GDCs) in an attempt to identify those aneurysms whose rupture during embolization represents a life-threatening risk; our emphasis is on emergency management, in particular, ventriculostomy.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 91 aneurysms treated with GDCs 0 to 21 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rupture was ascertained by the presence of extravascular effusion of contrast medium.

Endoscopic management of colloid cysts.

Objective: Several surgical approaches have been proposed for the treatment of colloid cysts, which still remains controversial. The most recent technique used is endoscopy. By its nature, endoscopy cannot offer complete removal, as compared to microsurgical techniques, but can do more than puncture.

Changes in cerebral blood flow during PaCO2 variations in patients with severe closed head injury: comparison between the Fick and transcranial Doppler methods.

Object: The aim of this study was to reassess whether middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) variations measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during acute PaCO2 manipulation adequately reflect cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in patients with severe closed head injury.

Methods: The study was performed by comparing MCAv variations to changes in CBF as assessed by measurements of the difference in the arteriovenous content in oxygen (AVDO2). The authors initiated 35 CO2 challenges in 12 patients with severe closed head injury during the acute stage.

[Indications for monitoring intracranial pressure].

A main indication for intracranial pressure monitoring is severe head trauma, where it acts as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic guide. Others indications for intracranial pressure monitoring are patients with CSF circulation disturbances, whatever the cause, and various pathologies inducing intracranial hypertension, such as encephalopathies. Intracranial pressure monitoring must be associated with the measurement of mean arterial pressure, arterial and jugular venous oxygen saturation and blood flow velocity in major intracranial arteries with transcranial Doppler sonography.

Ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the superior third of the basilar artery associated with the absence of the midbasilar artery. Case report.

A case involving the absence of the midthird portion of the basilar artery (BA) associated with a ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the superior third of the basilar artery discovered after a subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported. Surgical clipping was precluded by the anatomical conditions. The aneurysm was treated by occlusion (surgical clipping and balloon occlusion) of both posterior communicating arteries to decrease the hemodynamic stress on the aneurysm wall.

[Pharmacological treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Pharmacological treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is founded on prevention and treatment of arterial narrowing and delayed ischaemic deficits. Safety and efficacy of different agents have been studied and trials classified according to the level of evidence proposed by the "Stroke Council" of the American Heart Association. Early intracisternal fibrinolysis can prevent vasospasm (level III to V of evidence, grade C).

A technique for stereotactic aspiration of deep intracerebral hematomas under computed tomographic control using a new device.

A new device, modified from the Nucleotome (Surgical Dynamics, Alameda, CA), was used for stereotactic aspiration of deep brain hematomas. Real-time monitoring by computed tomography allows a very safe procedure, and the risk of aspirating the surrounding brain is avoided. The technique was applied in 13 cases of deep brain hematomas.

[Anesthesia for thalamic stimulations: value of flumazenil].

Five cases are reported of peroperative awakening in order to obtain patient cooperation during stereotaxic procedures. General anaesthesia was induced with 0.25 mg.

[Nitrous oxide in neurosurgery].

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is far from inert in terms of its cerebral effects. It can increase the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen in animals and in man. In poor risks patients, the N2O may increase the intracranial pressure (ICP) but these effects are blocked by hyperventilation, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and narcotics.

[Correlations between anatomy and computerized tomography findings in transtentorial cerebral herniation].

The diagnosis of transtentorial brain herniation has long relied on encephalography, then arteriography. Computerized tomography (CT) is a safer method which permits a more precise and earlier visualization of temporal and central herniations and herniation of the culmen cerebelli, which are the three varieties of transtentorial herniation. In an attempt to evaluate the reliability of CT images of herniation, the authors have conducted a study of anatomy-CT correlations, using autopsy specimens of brains with these three types of transtentorial herniation.

[Physiopathology of meningeal hemorrhage caused by aneurysmal rupture: extracerebral aspects].

Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces a lot of extracerebral disturbances such as: systemic hypertension, electrocardiographic abnormalities both morphological, rhythmic and subendocardial damages; those events have been interpreted as overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. In biochemical changes, hyponatremia early recognized was referred during a long time to a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Hyponatremia is now referred to a cerebral salt-wasting.

[Controlled hypotension using nitroprusside in surgery of intracranial aneurysm. Effect of preoperative treatment with calcium inhibitor].

Calcium entry blockers are usually used to control cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to aneurysm rupture. In this study, it's appeared that the dose of sodium nitroprusside required to decrease blood pressure is higher when calcium entry blockers are used.

[A survey on thromboprophylactic methods in brain surgery].

A 124 items survey on thromboprophylactic methods in neurosurgery has been conducted in the main neurosurgery centers of France, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxemburg. Its results put forward the diagnostic and prevention procedures as well as their indications and contra-indications. They also give information on the practice and problems of the different teams.

Anatomy-computerized tomography correlations in transtentorial brain herniation.

The diagnosis of transtentorial brain herniation has long relied on encephalography, then arteriography. Computerized tomography (CT) is a safer method which permits a more precise and earlier visualization of temporal and central herniations and herniation of the culmen cerebelli, which are the three varieties of transtentorial herniation. In an attempt to evaluate the reliability of CT images of herniation, the authors have conducted a study of anatomy-CT correlations, using autopsy specimens of brains with these three types of transtentorial herniation.