A secondary analysis of three types of social support in relation to self-efficacy, disease impact, and depression in fibromyalgia.

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition associated with depression. However, self-efficacy (belief in own ability to manage symptoms) and social support may be protective. This study tested three types of social support (emotional, tangible, and instrumental) for moderation of the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between FM impact and depression over time.

The Indirect Effects of Recalled Trauma Severity on Pain Ratings among People with Fibromyalgia: a Moderated Mediation Model.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that is accompanied by hypersensitivity to pain. Researchers have examined factors that affect pain ratings among people with FM, such as trauma, depressive symptoms, and coping; however, collectively, the interrelationships among this set of variables, and their relationships to pain, have not been examined. To better understand these relationships, a moderated-mediation model was used to examine how recalled trauma severity, depressive symptoms, relative emotion-focused coping relate to pain ratings.

Would that it were so simple: Dimensions of context diversity differentially relate to four implicit interethnic associations.

Published studies point to heterogeneity in the relations between context diversity and implicit associations. To rule out methodological variations as an explanation, the relations between three dimensions of context diversity and four implicit associations were examined across 747 counties and 341 metropolitan areas, keeping constant as many factors as possible. Black people were evaluated more positively and were less associated with weapons in contexts with higher variety or higher integration combined with lower minority representation.

Collectivism Is Associated With Greater Neurocognitive Fluency in Older Adults.

Neuropsychological research has been limited in the representation of cultural diversity due to various issues, raising questions regarding the applicability of findings to diverse populations. Nonetheless, culture-dependent differences in fundamental psychological processes have been demonstrated. One of the most basic of these, self-construal (individualism, collectivism), is central to how many other differences are interpreted.

Stereotypes, Emotions, and Behaviors Toward Lesbians, Gay Men, Bisexual Women, and Bisexual Men.

The utility of the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes map (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007) were examined in the context of heterosexuals' attitudes toward sexual minorities. Heterosexual adults completed a survey measuring stereotypes, emotions, and behavioral tendencies toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men. Stereotype content differed across groups and showed "gendered" and "valenced" effects on emotions and behavioral tendencies.

Stereotypic vision: how stereotypes disambiguate visual stimuli.

Three studies examined how participants use race to disambiguate visual stimuli. Participants performed a first-person-shooter task in which Black and White targets appeared holding either a gun or an innocuous object (e.g.

The sound of power: conveying and detecting hierarchical rank through voice.

The current research examined the relationship between hierarchy and vocal acoustic cues. Using Brunswik's lens model as a framework, we explored how hierarchical rank influences the acoustic properties of a speaker's voice and how these hierarchy-based acoustic cues affect perceivers' inferences of a speaker's rank. By using objective measurements of speakers' acoustic cues and controlling for baseline cue levels, we were able to precisely capture the relationship between acoustic cues and hierarchical rank, as well as the covariation among the cues.

Hiring a pediatric health care advocate for advisory and support services.

In this study, factors that influence a person's likelihood of hiring a pediatric health care advocate (HCA) for support and/or advisory services were examined. Participants were asked to read vignettes in which a child's symptom severity, probability of mortality, and age were manipulated. A significantly higher likelihood of hiring an HCA for advisory services than for support services was found.

Understanding police and expert performance: when training attenuates (vs. exacerbates) stereotypic bias in the decision to shoot.

In three studies, we examined how training may attenuate (or exacerbate) racial bias in the decision to shoot. In Experiment 1, when novices read a newspaper article about Black criminals, they showed pronounced racial bias in a first-person-shooter task (FPST); when they read about White criminals, bias was eliminated. Experts (who practiced the FPST) and police officers were unaffected by the same stereotype-accessibility manipulation.

Stereotypes of mental disorders differ in competence and warmth.

Theoretical models of public stigma toward mental illness have focused on factors that perpetuate stigma toward the general label of "mental illness" or toward a handful of specific illnesses, used more or less interchangeably. The current work used the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) to examine how one facet of public stigma--stereotype content--differs as a function of specific mental illnesses. Participants were recruited online from across the U.

Factors that influence the likelihood of hiring a health care advocate for a chronically ill child.

Introduction: In response to the increasing complexity of the health care system, the field of health care advocacy has emerged. However, little is known about variables that may influence a person's likelihood of hiring a health care advocate (HCA) for their chronically ill child.

Methods: Severity (high or low) and probability of mortality (high or low) of a child's chronic illness and the child's age (1, 7, or 13 years) were manipulated using vignettes.

Dyadic concordance among prostate cancer patients and their partners and health-related quality of life: does it matter?

Serious and chronic illnesses occur within a family context, affecting not only the patient but also the spouse/partner, children and extended family network. Spouses/partners are likely to experience the greatest personal impact, and may influence patient adjustment. Also, the intimate relationship may be affected by the illness experience.

Across the thin blue line: police officers and racial bias in the decision to shoot.

Police officers were compared with community members in terms of the speed and accuracy with which they made simulated decisions to shoot (or not shoot) Black and White targets. Both samples exhibited robust racial bias in response speed. Officers outperformed community members on a number of measures, including overall speed and accuracy.

The role of Afrocentric features in person perception: judging by features and categories.

Four studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that group-related physical features may directly activate related stereotypes, leading to more stereotypic inferences over and above those resulting from categorization. As predicted, targets with more Afrocentric features were judged as more likely to have traits stereotypic of African Americans. This effect was found with judgments of African Americans and of European Americans.