Features that matter: Evolutionary signatures can predict viral transmission routes.

Routes of virus transmission between hosts are key to understanding viral epidemiology. Different routes have large effects on viral ecology, and likelihood and rate of transmission; for example, respiratory and vector-borne viruses together encompass the majority of rapid outbreaks and high-consequence animal and plant epidemics. However, determining the specific transmission route(s) can take months to years, delaying mitigation efforts.

Light pollution spatial impact assessment in Hong Kong: Measurement and numerical modelling on commercial lights at street level.

With rapid urbanization, the use of external lighting to illuminate cities for night-time activity is on the rise worldwide. Many studies have suggested the excessive use of external lighting causes light pollution, which harms human health and leads to energy wastage. Although more awareness has been raised, there are not many regulations and guidelines available.