Emergent constraints on future Amazon climate change-induced carbon loss using past global warming trends.

Reducing uncertainty in the response of the Amazon rainforest, a vital component of the Earth system, to future climate change is crucial for refining climate projections. Here we demonstrate an emergent constraint (EC) on the future response of the Amazon carbon cycle to climate change across CMIP6 Earth system models. Models that overestimate past global warming trends, tend to estimate hotter and drier future Amazon conditions, driven by northward shifts of the intertropical convergence zone over the Atlantic Ocean, causing greater Amazon carbon loss.

Exploring the effects of topoisomerase II inhibitor XK469 on anthracycline cardiotoxicity and DNA damage.

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, rank among the most effective agents in classical anticancer chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity remains the main limitation of their clinical use. Topoisomerase IIβ has recently been identified as a plausible target of anthracyclines in cardiomyocytes.

The UHPLC-UV method applied for the forced degradation study of ixazomib and HRMS identification of its degradation products.

Ixazomib is the only orally active proteasome inhibitor used in clinical practice as an anticancer drug. The novel, rapid UHPLC-UV assay for ixazomib was developed and applied to the forced degradation study followed by HRMS identification of the main degradation products. Oxidative deboronation and hydrolysis of the amid bond were found to be the principal degradation pathways.

Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Dexrazoxane Analogues Reveals ICRF-193 as the Most Potent Bisdioxopiperazine against Anthracycline Toxicity to Cardiomyocytes Due to Its Strong Topoisomerase IIβ Interactions.

Cardioprotective activity of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved drug against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, has traditionally been attributed to its iron-chelating metabolite. However, recent experimental evidence suggested that the inhibition and/or depletion of topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) by dexrazoxane could be cardioprotective. Hence, we evaluated a series of dexrazoxane analogues and found that their cardioprotective activity strongly correlated with their interaction with TOP2B in cardiomyocytes, but was independent of their iron chelation ability.

Development of water-soluble prodrugs of the bisdioxopiperazine topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor ICRF-193 as potential cardioprotective agents against anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

The bisdioxopiperazine topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor ICRF-193 has been previously identified as a more potent analog of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a drug used in clinical practice against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. However, the poor aqueous solubility of ICRF-193 has precluded its further in vivo development as a cardioprotective agent. To overcome this issue, water-soluble prodrugs of ICRF-193 were prepared, their abilities to release ICRF-193 were investigated using a novel UHPLC-MS/MS assay, and their cytoprotective effects against anthracycline cardiotoxicity were tested in vitro in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NVCMs).

Vertical Profile of Cloud Optical Parameters Derived from Airborne Measurements Above, Inside and Below Clouds.

Past strategies for retrieving cloud optical properties from remote sensing assumed significant limits for desired parameters such as semi-infinite optical thickness, single scattering albedo equaling unity (non-absorbing scattering), absence of spectral dependence of the optical thickness, etc., and only one optical parameter could be retrieved (either optical thickness or single scattering albedo). Here, we demonstrate a new method based on asymptotic theory for thick atmospheres, and the presence of a diffusion domain within the clouds that does not put restrictions and makes it possible to get two or even three optical parameters (optical thickness, single scattering albedo and phase function asymmetry parameter) for every wavelength independently.

[METHOD FOR DETERMINING EROSIVE LESIONS OF THE GASTRIC MUCOUSA IN CHILDREN WITH JUVENILE ARTHRITIS].

To detect the clinical diagnostic criteria for non-invasive diagnosis of erosive gastritis in children with juvenile arthritis have been studied the 92 children aged 9 to 16 years (mean age-13,9 ± 2,3 years) with verified diagnosis of juvenile arthritis, of whom 10 had erosive gastritis (group 1) and 82 without erosions (group 2). A comparison of the groups on 23 grounds by analysis of contingency tables and the subsequent discriminant analysis, has developed a new non-invasive method for determining the erosive lesions of the mucous membrane of the stomach in children with juvenile arthritis, including a score of history, complaints and the results of laboratory studies the level of the G-17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, and the ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II, the presence of autoantibodies to the H+, K+/ATPase of the parietal cells of the stomach, the test for occult blood "Colon View Hb and Hb/Hp". Developed a diagnostic table, including 11 features with scores each.

[Comparative results of surgical treatment of patients with morbid obesity].

It was performed a comparative analysis of treatment of 62 patients who were operated for morbid obesity. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on kind of surgery: jejunal-iliac intestinal bypass, restrictive operations and combined operations. The complications in early postoperative period were diagnosed in 16.

[Ergoferon liquid dosage form--efficacious and safe treatment for childhood acute respiratory infections. Interim outcomes of a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial].

The pediatric dosage form of Egroferon--a drug indicated for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory infections (ARIs)--is developed taking in account the broad range of pathogens (most of which are viruses), and age-dependent features of immune system reactions (absence of specific immunity and immunological memory, relative "immaturity" of immune reactions, reduced interferon production by immunocompetent cells, etc.). Ergoferon interferes with the non-specific mechanisms of antiviral defence that ensure eliciting of an immune response, regardless of the virus type (the interferon system and CD4+cells), and influences virus-induced histamine release and histamine-mediated inflammatory reactions.

[Pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment of recidivating respiratory disorders in children].

Interferon is the most important mediator of natural immunity, which suggests the use of interferon inducers as therapeutic and preventive agents in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) in children classified into a group of sickly and repeated-ARD patients. The article describes cycloferon--a drug belonging to the group of endogenous interferon inductor--and its mechanism of action, shows its prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in children with recurrent ARDs. The clinical and pharmacological effectiveness of cycloferon has been confirmed by studying the proteomic profiles of blood plasma in sickly children.

[Rengalin, a novel drug for treatment of cough in children. Intermediate data on multicentre, comparative randomized clinical trial].

Unlabelled: Rengalin liquid formulation on the basis of antibodies to bradikinin histamine and morphine was specially designed for the treatment of cough in children. The three-component combination in therapeutically active against both dry and wet cough due to effect on diverse pathogenetic aspects of the cough reflex. The aim of the multicenter, comparative, randomized clinical trial was to estimate the efficacy and safety of rengalin in the treatment of cough in patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) of the upper respiratory tract.

[Professional medical education in Russia].

There is a tendency to increase the role of education process in the life of the individual, caused by necessity of new knowledge, experience and skills, which is the effective measure to adapt human being to the current social and economic conditions. The idea of education as a relatively short period of life is gone. It becomes obvious, that use of forms and types of adult education becomes limited and inefficient.

[Correction of secondary hyperlipidemia in children with diabetes].

At 25 children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, Type I) in a decompensation stage was estimated efficiency of correction secondary hyperlipidemia. The basic group (n = 11) along with insulinotherapy and a lipotrophic preparation (methionine) accepted probiotic Bifiform Baby in a dose 0.5 g once a day within 10 days; the comparison group (n = 14) received insulin therapy and a lipotrophic preparation.

[Frequently ill child syndrome].

The efficacy of cycloferon use in the treatment of frequently ill children (FIC) was estimated by the dynamics of the blood plasma proteomic profile. A group of FIC at the age of 4 to 10 years were observed. Cycloferon was administered according to the standard schemes.

[Features of the physical development of children with pathology of the gastrointestinal disorders and trophological disorders].

This article presents the results of the physical development analysis of 15,230 students of St. Petersburg according to automated complex dispensary examination (ACDE). Was found a correlation between physical development and age dynamics of gastrointestinal diseases and trophological disorders.

[Morphological characteristics of duodenum mucosa in children with atopic dermatitis].

The results of investigation of 87 children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis and atopic dermatitis are presented. All the child underwent fibrogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal mucosal biopsy and diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori infection, lambliasis. Hystomorphological and immunohystochemical studies of mucosal biopsy specimens for Epstein - Barr virus were carried out.

[Chronic gastroduodenitis in children with atopic dermatitis].

The results of investigation of 49 children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis and atopic dermatitis are presented. All the child underwent serological blood analyses for Epsteine-Barr virus antibodies and fibrogastroduodenoscopy with antral and duodenal mucosal biopsy. Hystomorphological and immunohystochemical studies of mucosal biopsy specimens for Epsteine-Barr virus were carried out.

Calculation of the reflection function of an optically thick scattering layer for a Henyey-Greenstein phase function.

Simple analytical methods are proposed for calculating the reflection function of a semi-infinite and conservative scattered layer, the value of which is needed to solve many atmospheric optics problems. The methods are based on approximations of the exact values obtained with a strict numerical method. For a Henyey-Greenstein phase function, knowledge of the zeroth and sixth higher harmonics appears to be sufficient for a quite accurate approximation of the angle range, which is acceptable for solution of direct and inverse problems in atmospheric optics when a plane atmosphere is assumed.

[Influence of occupational factors on sailors' health].

The assessment of sailors' health has led to the conclusion that their health changes may have a diversity of etiology, magnitude, but they are always directly due to the state of the factors forming the environment.