[The role of dopamine receptors in the modulation of mononuclear phagocytes in multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To investigate the role of dopamine receptor DDR and DDR in the production of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β by monocytes and macrophages in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: Ten patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 healthy subjects were examined. The level of IL-6 and IL-1β production was assessed in culture supernatants obtained from CD14 monocytes or macrophages stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

The role of dopamine in the modulation of monocyte-induced Th17- and Th1-immune response in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The investigation of neuroimmune interaction is one of the most developing directions in MS pathogenesis study. Catecholamines are direct mediators of this interaction and can be involved in the pathogenesis of MS by modulating cells of both innate and adaptive immune systems.

Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles Formation and Their Physico-Chemical and Biomedical Properties.

The use of medicinal substances in nanosized forms (nanoforms, nanoparticles) allows the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations to be increased due to several factors: (1) the high specific surface area of nanomaterials, and (2) the high concentration of surface-active centers interacting with biological objects. In the case of drug nanoforms, even low concentrations of a bioactive substance can have a significant therapeutic effect on living organisms. These effects allow pharmacists to use lower doses of active components, consequently lowering the toxic side effects of pharmaceutical nanoform preparations.

Light-Responsive Pt(IV) Prodrugs with Controlled Photoactivation and Low Dark Toxicity.

Light-induced release of cisplatin from Pt(IV) prodrugs represents a promising approach for precise control over the antiproliferative activity of Pt-based chemotherapeutic drugs. This method has the potential to overcome crucial drawbacks of conventional cisplatin therapy, such as high general toxicity toward healthy organs and tissues. Herein, we report two Pt(IV) prodrugs with BODIPY-based photoactive ligands and , which were designed using carbamate and triazole linkers, respectively.

Spin independence of the strongly enhanced effective mass in ultra-clean SiGe/Si/SiGe two-dimensional electron system.

The effective mass at the Fermi level is measured in the strongly interacting two-dimensional (2D) electron system in ultra-clean SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells in the low-temperature limit in tilted magnetic fields. At low electron densities, the effective mass is found to be strongly enhanced and independent of the degree of spin polarization, which indicates that the mass enhancement is not related to the electrons' spins. The observed effect turns out to be universal for silicon-based 2D electron systems, regardless of random potential, and cannot be explained by existing theories.

Effective Connectivity of the Bilateral Amygdala, Dorsomedial Prefrontal, and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortices: Feasibility of Positive Social Emotion Regulation Models for Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Effective connectivity based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows assessing directions of interaction between brain regions. For real-time fMRI, we compared models of positive social emotion regulation based on a network involving the bilateral amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The top-down regulation model implied modulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex exerted onto other regions, while the bottom-up model implied the inverse modulation.

[The influence of fluoxetine on neuroimmune interaction in multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To study the effect of fluoxetine on Th17- and Th1-immune response, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: Ten patients with relapsing-remitting MS and ten healthy subjects were examined. The functions of Th17- and Th1-immune responses were assessed by the production of cytokines interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by CD4 T cells stimulated with macrophages or microbeads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-antibodies.

The role of biogenic amines in the modulation of monocytes in autoimmune neuroinflammation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The study of the neuroimmune interactions is one of the most developing directions in the research of the pathogenesis of MS. The influence of biogenic amines on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS was shown by the modulation of subsets of T-helper cells and B-cells, which plays a crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS.

Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles and Nanosystems in Anticancer and Antiviral Theragnostic Agents.

The development of antiviral treatment and anticancer theragnostic agents in recent decades has been associated with nanotechnologies, and primarily with inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) of metal and metal oxides. The large specific surface area and its high activity make it easy to functionalize INPs with various coatings (to increase their stability and reduce toxicity), specific agents (allowing retention of INPs in the affected organ or tissue), and drug molecules (for antitumor and antiviral therapy). The ability of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron oxides and ferrites to enhance proton relaxation in specific tissues and serve as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents is one of the most promising applications of nanomedicine.

Hybrid Nanosystems of Antibiotics with Metal Nanoparticles-Novel Antibacterial Agents.

The appearance and increasing number of microorganisms resistant to the action of antibiotics is one of the global problems of the 21st century. Already, the duration of therapeutic treatment and mortality from infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms have increased significantly over the last few decades. Nanoscale inorganic materials (metals and metal oxides) with antimicrobial potential are a promising solution to this problem.

Liquid-like and solid-like acetonitrile intercalated into graphite oxide as studied by the spin probe technique.

The molecular mobility of acetonitrile intercalated into the inter-plane space of graphite oxide was studied using the spin probe technique. It was revealed that two types of intercalated substance - liquid-like and solid-like - are simultaneously present in between the oxidized graphene planes, and their ratio depends on temperature. The micro-viscosity of liquid-like intercalated acetonitrile was found to be higher than that of bulk acetonitrile and depends on the amount of intercalated liquid.

Changes in Brain Activity in Healthy Women during Self-Regulation of Slow EEG Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex.

Frontal alpha asymmetry neurofeedback is used in affective disorders; however, little is known about the effects of this protocol on the composition of brain networks. In the current study, 13 healthy women underwent a course of self-regulation of the asymmetry of the EEG alpha or theta (control condition) band power. Before and after the course, resting state fMRI recordings were made.

Th17-cells in depression: Implication in multiple sclerosis.

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychological symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, in addition to mood disorder, depression can also influence on multiple sclerosis course. The mechanism of this dependence is not fully understood.

Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems: 62 Preparation and Characterization of Alginate/Chondroitin Sulfate Cryostructurates Loaded with Antimicrobial Substances.

Targeted drug release is a significant research focus in the development of drug delivery systems and involves a biocompatible polymeric carrier and certain medicines. Cryostructuring is a suitable approach for the preparation of efficient macroporous carriers for such drug delivery systems. In the current study, the cryogenically structured carriers based on alginate/chondroitin sulfate mixtures were prepared and their physicochemical properties and their ability to absorb/release the bactericides were evaluated.

Serotonergic drug repurposing in multiple sclerosis: A new possibility for disease-modifying therapy.

Investigation of neuroimmune interactions is one of the most developing areas in the study of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests the possibility of modulating neuroinflammation by targeting biogenic amine receptors. It has been shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine modulates innate and adaptive immune system cells' function and can reduce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis severity.

[Prospects for the use of polyphenols in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease. Therapy for MS does not always slow down the progression of the disease. In many cases, pathogenetic therapy of MS leads to serious side-effects, in particular, to immunosuppression, limiting using of various disease modifying therapy (DMT) in MS.

Real-time fMRI neurofeedback compared to cognitive behavioral therapy in a pilot study for the treatment of mild and moderate depression.

Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback was found to reduce depressive symptoms. However, no direct comparison of drug-free patients with an active psychotherapy control group is available. The present study compared rt-fMRI neurofeedback with cognitive behavioral therapy, as the standard treatment in patients declining anti-depressants.

Nanoparticles of Bioactive Metals/Metal Oxides and Their Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Drugs for Biomedical Applications.

The increasing appearance of new strains of microorganisms resistant to the action of existing antibiotics is a modern problem that requires urgent decision. A promising potential solution is the use of nanoparticles of bioactive metals and their oxides as new antibacterial agents, since they are capable of affecting pathogenic microorganisms by mechanisms different from the mechanisms of action of antibiotics. Inorganic nanoparticles possess a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.

[The role of macrophages in the development of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune mechanism of development. It is known that along with T- and B-lymphocytes, cells of the innate immune system also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS. Macrophages are central to the functioning of the innate immune response and, depending on the phenotype, have pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.

Copper coordination compounds with (5,5')-2,2'-(alkane-α,ω-diyldiselenyl)-bis-5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4-imidazol-4-ones. Comparison with sulfur analogue.

A series of new organic ligands (5,5')-2,2'-(alkane-α,ω-diyldiselenyl)-bis-5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4-imidazol-4-ones (L) consisting of two 5-(2-pyridylmethylene)-3,5-dihydro-4-imidazol-4-one units linked with polymethylene chains of various lengths ( = 2-10, where is the number of CH units) have been synthesized. The reactions of these ligands with CuCl·2HO and CuClO·6HO gave Cu or Cu containing mono- and binuclear complexes with CuLCl ( = 2-4) or CuL(ClO) ( = 1, 2) composition. It was shown that the agents reducing Cu to Cu in the course of complex formation can be both a ligand and an organic solvent in which the reaction is carried out.

Spin effect on the low-temperature resistivity maximum in a strongly interacting 2D electron system.

The increase in the resistivity with decreasing temperature followed by a drop by more than one order of magnitude is observed on the metallic side near the zero-magnetic-field metal-insulator transition in a strongly interacting two-dimensional electron system in ultra-clean SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells. We find that the temperature [Formula: see text], at which the resistivity exhibits a maximum, is close to the renormalized Fermi temperature. However, rather than increasing along with the Fermi temperature, the value [Formula: see text] decreases appreciably for spinless electrons in spin-polarizing (parallel) magnetic fields.

The Dual Role of the β-Adrenoreceptor in the Modulation of IL-17 and IFN-γ Production by T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that also has an immunomodulatory effect and is involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. This study aimed to clarify the role of the β-adrenoreceptor in the norepinephrine-mediated modulation of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, which play a critical pathogenetic role in MS. CD4 T cells obtained from twenty-five relapsing-remitting MS patients and sixteen healthy subjects were cultured ex vivo with norepinephrine and/or β-adrenoreceptor antagonist or agonist, followed by a cytokine production analysis using ELISA.

Altered effective connectivity in sensorimotor cortices is a signature of severity and clinical course in depression.

Functional neuroimaging research on depression has traditionally targeted neural networks associated with the psychological aspects of depression. In this study, instead, we focus on alterations of sensorimotor function in depression. We used resting-state functional MRI data and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to assess the hypothesis that depression is associated with aberrant effective connectivity within and between key regions in the sensorimotor hierarchy.