The Influence of Shyness on Language Assessment.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to examine how shyness affects a child's performance on language assessments that vary in sociability. We hypothesized that accuracy on language tasks would be driven by shyness such that shyer children would perform better on nonsociable tasks compared to sociable tasks.

Method: The procedures followed a quasi-experimental design.

Acral Fibrochondromyxoid Tumor Presenting as Enlarging Nodule Involving the Distal Fingertip and Hyponychium: A Case Report.

An acral fibrochondromyxoid tumor is a newly described type of benign soft tissue neoplasm that presents as a single nodular lesion on a finger or toe. There has only been one previous report on this tumor, a case series that described the initial pathologic and clinical findings; however, details on clinical history, physical examination, and outcome are unknown. In this report, we describe a case of a 39-year-old male who presented with a painful enlarging mass involving the distal right 3rd finger and hyponychium.

Head Lice.

Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among caregivers of school-aged children and adolescents. Since the 2015 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, new medications have been approved, and an algorithm for management of affected patients is included. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols.

A dermatologic perspective on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

As of May 2020, an emerging immune-mediated syndrome primarily affecting children has been detected primarily in Europe and the United States. The incidence of this syndrome appears to mirror the initial infectious assault with a delay of several weeks. This syndrome has been termed "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) and is observed in association with the coronavirus disease 2019.

A dermatologic perspective on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

As of May 2020, an emerging immune-mediated syndrome mainly affecting children has been detected primarily in Europe and the United States. The incidence of this syndrome appears to mirror the initial infectious assault, with a delay of several weeks. This syndrome has been termed "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) and is observed in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Topical corticosteroid use for atopic dermatitis in the pediatric emergency department.

Background/objectives: To investigate the evaluation and management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods: This retrospective chart review was performed at the PED of a single institution and examined data from 2012 to 2017. Of 335 visits from patients 18 years and younger coded for AD, 167 visits with documented findings that supported a diagnosis of AD according to guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology were included.

Lichen sclerosus among women in the United States.

Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic dermatosis for which the true prevalence is not well established. LS remains an underrecognized and undertreated disease, and treatment patterns and differences among various specialties that care for patients with LS are largely unknown.

Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of diagnosed vulvar LS, demographic characteristics, and diagnostic and treatment patterns in the United States.

Cutaneous Crohn disease without gastrointestinal involvement in a 9-year-old boy.

Cutaneous Crohn disease (CCD) is a rare dermatologic manifestation of Crohn disease and is defined as noncaseating, granulomatous skin lesions noncontiguous with the gastrointestinal tract. It most commonly affects the skin of the legs, although genital CCD is the most common presentation in children. Diagnosis of CCD is made by a combination of clinical and histopathological findings.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, more than a lung disease.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a recently described clinical entity and should be considered in children who present with oral (94% of patients), ocular (82% of patients), and urogenital lesions (63% of patients). MIRM was first described as a distinct clinical entity from Stevens Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS)/(TEN) in 2015 [1]. As a new, uncommon diagnosis it frequently poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for pediatricians and dermatologists.

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus in a 34-year-old.

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus (PNP) is a rare and often fatal autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease associated with an underlying malignancy. It is thought to be caused by antibodies to tumor antigenscross-reacting with epithelial antigens, specifically desmosomal and hemidesmosomal antigens. There are at least five clinical morphologic variants of PNP, with the earliest and most consistent finding beingsevere stomatitis.

Lichenoid vulvar disease: A review.

Vulvar dermatoses are common, potentially debilitating conditions that can be seen by a variety of medical specialists. Lichenoid vulvar diseases, namely lichen sclerosus (LS), lichen planus (LP), and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), can all negatively impact patients' quality of life and LS and LP also have an association with squamous cell carcinoma. It is essential that dermatologists are familiar with the unique features of each of these conditions to ensure the appropriate management and follow up.

Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy: A Firm Plaque Presenting with Hypertrichosis and Hyperhidrosis.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign, soft tissue tumor. The lesion's clinical resemblance to more aggressive soft tissue tumors of childhood makes histologic diagnosis paramount. We report a unique presentation of a FHI associated with localized hypertrichosis and hyperhidrosis.

PHACE syndrome: a retrospective review of 23 patients.

We present 23 patients with PHACE syndrome showing similarities in our population with data that already exist while highlighting neurodevelopmental occurrences arising in a subset of these patients.

Structural, kinetic, and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of D-amino acid oxidase inhibition by small molecules.

We characterized the mechanism and pharmacodynamics of five structurally distinct inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase. All inhibitors bound the oxidized form of human enzyme with affinity slightly higher than that of benzoate (Kd ≈ 2-4 μM). Stopped-flow experiments showed that pyrrole-based inhibitors possessed high affinity (Kd ≈ 100-200 nM) and slow release kinetics (k < 0.

Differential BDNF responses of triple versus dual reuptake inhibition in neuronal and astrocytoma cells as well as in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Monoamine reuptake inhibitors increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity, and this growth factor is regarded as an interesting target for developing new antidepressant drugs. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether monoaminergic reuptake inhibition increases BDNF in vivo and in vitro as predicted by the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, and whether triple reuptake inhibition has a superior BDNF response compared to dual reuptake inhibition. Twenty-one days of oral treatment (30 mg/kg) with the dual serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor duloxetine or the triple serotonin/noradrenaline/dopamine reuptake inhibitor DOV 216,303 restored BDNF protein levels in the rat hippocampus, which were initially decreased due to injection stress.

Effectiveness of transition from intravenous epoprostenol to oral/inhaled targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in pediatric idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Before 2001, intravenous epoprostenol was the only approved drug for patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH) who were nonresponsive to high-dose calcium channel blockade. The investigators report transitioning select pediatric patients with IPAH or FPAH from intravenous epoprostenol to oral and/or inhaled agents for pulmonary arterial hypertension. A retrospective review was performed on all pediatric patients with IPAH or FPAH treated at Columbia University (1987 to 2008) who transitioned off epoprostenol to oral or inhaled drugs.

Novel micro-cavity substrates for improving the Raman signal from submicrometer size materials.

A novel and simple method for improving the detection limit of conventional Raman spectra using a micro-Raman system and picoliter volumes is presented. A micro-cavity in a reflecting metal substrate uses various mechanisms that collectively improve the entire Raman spectrum from the sample. A micro-cavity with a radius of several micrometers acts as a very effective device that provides multiple excitation of the sample with the laser and couples the forward-scattered Raman photons toward the collection optics in the back-scattered Raman geometry.

Lack of synergy for inhibitors targeting a multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 protease.

The three-dimensional structures of indinavir and three newly synthesized indinavir analogs in complex with a multi-drug-resistant variant (L63P, V82T, I84V) of HIV-1 protease were determined to approximately 2.2 A resolution. Two of the three analogs have only a single modification of indinavir, and their binding affinities to the variant HIV-1 protease are enhanced over that of indinavir.

An Escherichia coli expression assay and screen for human immunodeficiency virus protease variants with decreased susceptibility to indinavir.

We have developed a recombinant Escherichia coli screening system for the rapid detection and identification of amino acid substitutions in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease associated with decreased susceptibility to the protease inhibitor indinavir (MK-639; Merck & Co.). The assay depends upon the correct processing of a segment of the HIV-1 HXB2 gag-pol polyprotein followed by detection of HIV reverse transcriptase activity by a highly sensitive, colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.