GalNT2-mediated O-glycosylation affects pancreas development and function in mice.

GALNT2, also known as polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2, is an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of O-linked glycosylation, a crucial posttranslational modification that affects protein folding, stability, and function. Alterations in GALNT2 activity have been implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting its importance in maintaining normal physiological functions. To investigate the impact of GalNT2 overexpression in vivo for the first time, we generated a conditional transgenic mouse line in which GalNT2 was expressed specifically in the pancreas.

Colorectal adenocarcinoma of the interposed colon after esophagectomy in infancy: a case report.

Colorectal carcinomas are a rare but possible complication in an interposed colonic segment used for reconstruction after esophagectomy. We report the case of a patient who underwent colonic interposition surgery in childhood due to esophageal atresia and was diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma of the interposed colon ~57 years later. The patient underwent gastric pull-up after thoraco-abdominal resection of the colonic interposition en bloc with the adjacent remaining esophagus.

CD10 Expression Correlates with Earlier Tumour Stages and Left-Sided Tumour Location in Colorectal Cancer but Has No Prognostic Impact in a European Cohort.

The role of CD10 expression in colorectal cancer has been controversially discussed in the literature. Some data suggest a predictive capacity for lymph node and liver metastases, thus influencing overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). This study aims to analyse the relationship between CD10 expression and overall survival (OS) in a European cohort.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Tn and STn Antigen Expression in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Differential glycosylation, marked by the presence of truncated O-glycans, is a distinctive feature of epithelial-derived cancers. However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the expression of Tn and STn antigens in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To address this, we employed commercially available antibodies, previously validated for Tn and STn antigens, to analyze two cohorts of EAC tissues.

CD4+ T cell-derived IL-22 enhances liver metastasis by promoting angiogenesis.

Metastasis is a cancer-related systemic disease and is responsible for the greatest mortality rate among cancer patients. Interestingly, the interaction between the immune system and cancer cells seems to play a key role in metastasis formation in the target organ. However, this complex network is only partially understood.

Muscle quality, not quantity, is associated with outcome after colorectal cancer surgery.

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that deconditioned patients benefit most from prehabilitation before colorectal cancer surgery. So far, selecting patients with poor muscle status and high perioperative risk remains challenging. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of the CT-derived Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), representing muscle mass, and of the Muscle Radiation Attenuation (MRA), a measure of muscle quality, for risk stratification in colorectal cancer patients.

Robotic-assisted repair of incisional hernia-early experiences of a university robotic hernia program and comparison with open and minimally invasive sublay technique (eMILOS).

Purpose: With robotic surgical devices, an innovative tool has stepped into the arena of minimally invasive hernia surgery. It combines the advantages of open (low recurrence rates and ability to perform complex procedure such as transverse abdominis release) and laparoscopic surgery (low rate of wound and mesh infections, less pain). However, a superiority to standard minimally invasive procedures has not yet been proven.

Second Primary Cancer Among Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Following the Chernobyl Disaster.

Importance: To our knowledge, there are no complete population-based studies of the risks of developing second malignant tumors after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

Objective: To study the risk of second primary cancers in patients with PTC after the Chernobyl disaster.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Republic of Belarus over a 31-year time frame evaluating patients with primary PTC and second malignant tumors.

HLA-DP on Epithelial Cells Enables Tissue Damage by NKp44 Natural Killer Cells in Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by severe inflammation and destruction of the intestinal epithelium, and is associated with specific risk single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA class II. Given the recently discovered interactions between subsets of HLA-DP molecules and the activating natural killer (NK) cell receptor NKp44, genetic associations of UC and HLA-DP haplotypes and their functional implications were investigated.

Methods: HLA-DP haplotype and UC risk association analyses were performed (UC: n = 13,927; control: n = 26,764).

Minimally invasive intrathoracic negative-pressure therapy and flexible thoracoscopy (FlexVATS) for patients with pleural empyema.

To determine whether a new surgical method using a flexible endoscope (FlexVATS) to perform sparing debridement and apply negative-pressure therapy without extensive decortication may be an alternative treatment option for empyema. Surgical treatment of pleural empyema is associated with considerable postoperative complications and mortality rates, and alternative treatment options are being explored to improve patient outcomes. This was a prospective case series.

Lymphatic Mapping in Colon Cancer Depending on Injection Time and Tracing Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Designed Studies.

An optimized lymph node yield leads to better survival in colon cancer, but extended lymphadenectomy is not associated with survival benefits. Lymphatic mapping shows several colon cancers feature aberrant drainage pathways inducing local recurrence when not resected. Currently, different protocols exist for lymphatic mapping procedures.

Socioeconomic Deprivation Is Not Associated with Outcomes after Esophagectomy at a German High-Volume Center.

In Germany, socioeconomically deprived citizens more often develop esophageal carcinoma, since typical risk factors follow the social gradient. Therefore, we hypothesized that socioeconomic deprivation might also be associated with advanced tumor stages and comorbidities at the time of surgery. As a consequence, socioeconomic deprivation may be related to postoperative complications and reduced overall survival.

IL-22BP controls the progression of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Background: The immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Interleukin 22 binding protein (IL-22BP), a natural antagonist of the cytokine interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been shown to control the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of IL-22BP in the process of metastasis formation remains unknown.

Challenges in the interdisciplinary treatment of leakages after left-sided colorectal surgery: endoscopic negative pressure therapy, open-pore film drainage therapy and beyond.

Purpose: The treatment of anastomotic leakage after left colorectal surgery remains challenging. Since its introduction, endoscopic negative pressure therapy (ENPT) has proven to be advantageous, reducing the necessity of surgical revision. The aim of our study is to present our experience with endoscopic treatment of colorectal leakages and to identify potential factors influencing treatment outcome.

Prognostic factors for intraoperative detection of necrotizing fasciitis in severe soft tissue infections.

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but lethal soft-tissue infection. There is still a paucity of information regarding the diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this devastating disease. This study aims to identify important perioperative parameters related to necrotizing fasciitis and to assess their relevance in terms of identifying NF.

Expanded ILC2s in human infant intestines promote tissue growth.

Early life is characterized by extraordinary challenges, including rapid tissue growth and immune adaptation to foreign antigens after birth. During this developmental stage, infants have an increased risk of immune-mediated diseases. Here, we demonstrate that tissue-resident, interleukin (IL)-13- and IL-4-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are enriched in human infant intestines compared to adult intestines.

Decreased expression of prolyl hydroxylase 1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers.

Background: Prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) is a prognostic marker in several cancers.

Aims And Scopes: This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical relevance of PHD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis.

Materials And Methods: We compared PHD1 expression on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing samples from 1800 CRCs with corresponding clinicopathological tumor variables and patient survival.

Intrathoracic vacuum therapy for the therapy of pleural empyema-a systematic review and analysis of the literature.

Background: Pleural empyema is a serious and potentially deadly disease leading to a significant burden on health care systems. Conservative and surgical treatment results remain poor, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with pleural empyema are often multimorbid and poor candidates for surgery.

RAI3 expression is not associated with clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Retinoic acid inducible protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested as prognostic biomarker in several cancer types. The present study aimed to examine the role of RAI3 expression in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Methods: RAI3 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray (TMA) sections from a retrospective cohort of more than 600 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features and follow-up data.