Objective: To compare changes in cognitive trajectories after stroke between younger (18-64) and older (65+) adults, accounting for pre-stroke cognitive trajectories.
Materials And Methods: Pooled cohort study using individual participant data from 3 US cohorts (1971-2019), the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study (ARIC), Framingham Offspring Study (FOS), and REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS). Linear mixed effect models evaluated the association between age and the initial change (intercept) and rate of change (slope) in cognition after compared to before stroke.
Background: High blood pressure (BP) increases recurrent stroke risk.
Methods And Results: We assessed hypertension prevalence, treatment, control, medication adherence, and predictors of uncontrolled BP 90 days after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke among 561 Mexican American and non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors of stroke from the BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) cohort from 2011 to 2014. Uncontrolled BP was defined as average BP ≥140/90 mm Hg at 90 days poststroke.
Background: Stroke survivors believe neighborhood resources such as community centers are beneficial; however, little is known about the influence of these resources on stroke outcomes. We evaluated whether residing in neighborhoods with greater resource density is associated with favorable post-stroke outcomes.
Methods And Results: We included Mexican American and non-Hispanic White stroke survivors from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (2009-2019).
Background: It is unclear how post-stroke cognitive trajectories differ by stroke type and ischemic stroke subtype. We studied associations between stroke types (ischemic, hemorrhagic), ischemic stroke subtypes (cardioembolic, large artery atherosclerotic, lacunar/small vessel, cryptogenic/other determined etiology), and post-stroke cognitive decline.
Methods: This pooled cohort analysis from four US cohort studies (1971-2019) identified 1,143 dementia-free individuals with acute stroke during follow-up: 1,061 (92.
Importance: Stroke risk varies by systolic blood pressure (SBP), race, and ethnicity. The association between cumulative mean SBP and incident stroke type is unclear, and whether this association differs by race and ethnicity remains unknown.
Objective: To examine the association between cumulative mean SBP and first incident stroke among 3 major stroke types-ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-and explore how these associations vary by race and ethnicity.
Objective: Guidelines suggest considering antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation in seizure-free patients with epilepsy. Past work has poorly explored how discontinuation effects vary between patients. We evaluated (1) what factors modify the influence of discontinuation on seizure risk; and (2) the range of seizure risk increase due to discontinuation across low- versus high-risk patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status has been favorably associated with stroke outcomes. This may be due to these areas having more beneficial resources such as recreational centers. We aimed to determine if neighborhood density of recreation centers is favorably associated with stroke outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: We studied racial differences in post-stroke outcomes using a prospective, population-based cohort of stroke survivors as part of the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project.
Methods: Neurologic (NIHSS, range of 0-42, higher scores are worse), functional (ADLs/IADLs, range 1-4, higher scores are worse), and cognitive (3MSE, range 0-100, higher scores are better) outcomes were measured 90 days after stroke. Cox proportional hazards and negative binomial linear regression models were used to examine the associations between race and 90-day all-cause mortality and NIHSS, respectively, whereas linear regression was used for ADLs/IADLs and 3MSE scores.
J Health Care Poor Underserved
July 2023
Objective: To determine whether food insecurity and perceived financial stress contribute to cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) in stroke.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult stroke survivors in the National Health Interview Survey (2014-2018). Weighted prevalence of food insecurity, perceived financial stress, and CRN by age was calculated.
Qualitative research methods are often used to develop health interventions, but few researchers report how their qualitative data informed intervention development. Improved completeness of reporting may facilitate the development of effective behavior change interventions. Our objective was to describe how we used qualitative data to develop our stroke education intervention consisting of a pamphlet and video.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Acute stroke treatment rates in the US lag behind those in other high-income nations.
Objective: To assess whether a hospital emergency department (ED) and community intervention was associated with an increased proportion of patients with stroke receiving thrombolysis.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized controlled trial of the Stroke Ready intervention took place in Flint, Michigan, from October 2017 to March 2020.
Background: Regular medical follow-up after stroke is important to reduce the risk of post-stroke complications and hospital readmission. Little is known about the factors associated with stroke survivors not maintaining regular medical follow-up. We sought to quantify the prevalence and predictors of stroke survivors not maintaining regular medical follow-up over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Incident stroke is associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Whether poststroke vascular risk factor levels are associated with faster cognitive decline is uncertain.
Objective: To evaluate associations of poststroke systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with cognitive decline.
Objective: Guidelines suggest considering antiseizure medication (ASM) discontinuation in patients with epilepsy who become seizure-free. Little is known about how discontinuation decisions are being made in practice. We measured the frequency of, and factors associated with, discussions and decisions surrounding ASM discontinuation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
December 2022
Objective: We sought to characterize racial and ethnic differences in pre- and post-stroke sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and pre-stroke sleep duration.
Methods: Within the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi cohort of patients with ischemic stroke (8/26/2010-1/31/2020), pre-stroke SDB risk was assessed retrospectively using the Berlin Questionnaire. Post-stroke SDB was defined by prospective collection of the respiratory event index (REI) using the ApneaLink Plus performed shortly after stroke.
This survey study investigates the prevalence, frequency, and factors associated with self-measured blood pressure monitoring among adults ages 50 to 80 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The association between stroke and dementia is well established. Less is known about this association in underrepresented ethnic groups. In a large ethnically diverse cohort, we examined whether history of stroke was associated with cognitive impairment, and whether this relationship differed by ethnicity (Mexican American [MA] versus non-Hispanic White).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh blood pressure (BP) is detrimental to brain health. High BP contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia through pathways independent of clinical stroke. Emerging evidence shows that the deleterious effect of high BP on cognition occurs across the life span, increasing the risk for early-onset and late-life dementia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground The aim of this study was to discussions about post-stroke outcomes related to post-stroke function and post-acute care discharge setting.inform patient-provider. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage in 2013.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Acute stroke treatments are underutilized in the USA. Enhancing stroke preparedness, the recognition of stroke symptoms, and intent to call emergency medical services (EMS) could reduce delay in hospital arrival thereby increasing eligibility for time-sensitive stroke treatments. Whether higher stroke preparedness is associated with higher tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment rates is however uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stroke incidence is reportedly increasing in younger populations, although the reasons for this are not clear. We explored possible reasons by quantifying trends in neurologically focused emergency department (ED) visits, classification of stroke vs. TIA, and imaging use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Audit and feedback (A&F) is a widely used implementation strategy. Understanding mechanisms of action of A&F increases the likelihood that the strategy will lead to implementation of an evidence-based practice. We therefore sought to understand one hospital's experience selecting and implementing an A&F intervention, to determine the implementation strategies that were used by staff and to specify the mechanism of action of those implementation strategies using causal pathway models, with the ultimate goal of improving acute stroke treatment practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChurch-based stroke prevention programs for Hispanics are underutilized. The Stroke Health and Risk Education (SHARE) project, a multicomponent cluster-randomized trial, addressed key stroke risk factors among predominantly Mexican Americans in a Catholic Church setting. Process evaluation components (implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context) are described.
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