Caregivers' Perceived Threat Of Sickle Cell Disease Complications And Its Association With Hydroxyurea Use Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

Purpose: Tanzania is the fifth country with the highest sickle cell disease (SCD) prevalence globally. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is available, only 25% of persons with SCD are reported to use it in Tanzania. Perceived disease threat is associated with medication usage in patients with chronic diseases.

Trial of an mHealth intervention to improve HIV prophylaxis for female sex workers, United Republic of Tanzania.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention on early retention of female sex workers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis services in the United Republic of Tanzania.

Methods: The study involved 783 female sex workers: 470 from Dar es Salaam who were given the mHealth application (app) in addition to standard HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (intervention arm), and 313 from Tanga who received pre-exposure prophylaxis alone (control arm). Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling and followed up for 12 months.

Dual-use research and research using enhanced pathogens in high-income countries: whose business?

U.S. regulation of dual-use research of concern and of research with enhanced pathogens of pandemic potential may alter soon.

Retention in an mHealth App Aiming to Promote the Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Increasing access to smartphones in sub-Saharan Africa offers an opportunity to leverage mobile health (mHealth) technology to improve access to health care in underserved populations. In the domain of HIV prevention, mHealth interventions can potentially contribute to solving the challenges of suboptimal adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and low retention in PrEP services among populations most vulnerable to HIV acquisition. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about the use of such interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Five different ways of reasoning: Tanzanian healthcare workers' ideas about how to improve HIV prevention among same-sex attracted men.

Background: Same-sex attracted men in Tanzania and globally carry a disproportionate burden of HIV. Drawing on qualitative research, this article explores healthcare providers' ideas and recommendations regarding how to improve HIV prevention among same-sex attracted men.

Methods: We carried out a qualitative study among healthcare workers in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Tanga in Tanzania between August 2018 and October 2019.

Effect of an mHealth intervention on retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services among female sex workers: Preliminary evidence of the use of the app in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) applications have been reported to be effective in promoting access and adherence to health services. However, knowledge about their effect on retention in HIV preventive services among at-risk populations in sub-Saharan Africa is limited.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of the mHealth application on retention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Not a Problem at All or Excluded by Oneself, Doctors and the Law? Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on Access to HIV-Related Healthcare among Same-Sex Attracted Men in Tanzania.

An increasing body of literature focuses on access to healthcare services for men who engage in sex with other men in Africa, but how healthcare workers conceive of this topic of healthcare workers' views on men's care has not been much studied. Drawing on qualitative research, this article explores healthcare providers' perspectives on access to HIV-related healthcare services among gender and sexuality diverse men in Tanzania. A qualitative study was conducted among healthcare workers in Dar es Salaam and Tanga, Tanzania in 2018/2019.

Predictors of mHealth use in promoting adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers: an evaluation of the Jichunge intervention in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: There is evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission, and PrEP is recommended by the World Health organization (WHO) for use by individuals at high risk of HIV infection. However, low adherence has been reported to hamper its effectiveness. Some evidence indicates that mHealth interventions may be a promising way of promoting PrEP adherence.

Consent Requirements for Testing Health Policies: An Intercontinental Comparison of Expert Opinions.

Individual informed consent is a central requirement for clinical research on human subjects, yet whether and how consent requirements should apply to health policy experiments (HPEs) remains unclear. HPEs test and evaluate public health policies prior to implementation. We interviewed 58 health experts in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Germany on informed consent requirements for HPEs.

Socio-cognitive factors influencing access to HIV prevention services among people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: An integrated bio-behavioural survey.

Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) in Sub-Saharan Africa have limited access to comprehensive HIV services. While it is important to inform programming, knowledge about factors influencing access to comprehensive HIV services is scarce. We assessed the proportions of PWID with access to HIV prevention services and associated socio-cognitive factors in Tanzania.

"Thought provoking", "interactive", and "more like a peer talk": Testing the deliberative interview style in Germany.

Proponents of the newly-developed "deliberative interview" argue that examining complex issues requires more dynamic and engaging interview exchanges. Unlike traditional qualitative interviews, deliberative interviewing champions opinion sharing, active debates and similar speaking times by both sides throughout the interview. Drawing on 20 interviews with health experts in Germany, we examined the process and outcome of deliberative versus conventional interviews on the topic of informed consent.

HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania: approaching the first 90% target?

Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18.

Development of a Mobile Health Application for HIV Prevention Among At-Risk Populations in Urban Settings in East Africa: A Participatory Design Approach.

Background: There is limited evidence in Africa on the design and development of mobile health (mHealth) applications to guide best practices and ensure effectiveness. A pragmatic trial for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis roll-out among key populations in Tanzania is needed.

Objective: We present the results of the development of a mobile app (Jichunge) intended to promote adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) in Tanzania.

Health services we can trust: how same-sex attracted men in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania would like their HIV healthcare to be organised.

Drawing on qualitative research in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this article explores how men who engage in sex with other men perceive their interactions with healthcare providers, and how they would prefer healthcare services to be organised and delivered. The paper describes the strengths and weaknesses men associate with private and public healthcare; the advantages and disadvantages they associate with dedicated clinics for sexual minority persons; what they conceive of as good healthcare services; and how they would characterise a good healthcare worker. The paper also presents recommendations made by study participants.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection among people who inject drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a sign of successful intervention?

Background: Prevalence of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been reported to be higher than that of the general population. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk factors among PWID in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, following the introduction of a comprehensive HIV intervention package (CHIP) for PWID in the country in 2014.

Methods: We conducted an integrated bio-behavioral survey (IBBS) among PWID using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between October and December 2017.

HIV/HCV co-infection and associated risk factors among injecting drug users in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: potential for HCV elimination.

Background: Chronic HCV infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality and, in co-infection with HIV, may result in immunological and virological failure following antiretroviral treatment. Estimates of HCV infection, co-infection with HIV and associated risk practices among PWID are scarce in Africa. This study therefore aimed at estimating the prevalence of HCV and associated risk factors among PWID in the largest metropolitan city in Tanzania to inform WHO elimination recommendations.

Effectiveness of health care workers and peer engagement in promoting access to health services among population at higher risk for HIV in Tanzania (KPHEALTH): study protocol for a quasi experimental trial.

Background: While there are indications of declining HIV infection rates in the general population globally, Tanzania included, men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and people who inject drugs (PWID), now called Key Populations (KP) for HIV epidemic have 2-20 times higher infections rates and contributes up to 30% of new HIV infection. Tanzania have developed a Comprehensive Guideline for HIV prevention among key population (CHIP) to address the epidemic among KPs. However, these populations are stigmatized and discriminated calling for innovative approaches to improve access to CHIP.

HIV Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Introduction: Limited studies and differential risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa calls for population-specific studies. We present results from the largest integrated biobehavioral survey among MSM in Africa to inform programming.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling to recruit MSM aged 18 and above.

Correction: Measuring three aspects of motivation among health workers at primary level health facilities in rural Tanzania.

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Cost-effectiveness of an electronic clinical decision support system for improving quality of antenatal and childbirth care in rural Tanzania: an intervention study.

Background: QUALMAT project aimed at improving quality of maternal and newborn care in selected health care facilities in three African countries. An electronic clinical decision support system was implemented to support providers comply with established standards in antenatal and childbirth care. Given that health care resources are limited and interventions differ in their potential impact on health and costs (efficiency), this study aimed at assessing cost-effectiveness of the system in Tanzania.

HIV and STI s among men who have sex with men in Dodoma municipality, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV, STI and related risks among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Dodoma municipality, Tanzania.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling was employed to recruit study participants aged 18 years and above. Data on sociodemographics, HIV/STI knowledge and sexual practices were collected.

Prevalence and Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A New Focus to Get to Zero.

Background: Previous studies in Tanzania indicated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) could be as high as 40%. We aim to provide data on the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection among PWIDs to inform national plans to get to zero.

Materials And Methods: Respondent-driven sampling was used to collect drug use, and sexual practices data among PWIDs aged 15 years and older.