Long-term results after fractionated radiation therapy for large brain arteriovenous malformations.

Objective: To study the results after fractionated radiotherapy of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients harboring large AVMs were treated between 1980 and 1985 with fractionated radiotherapy with up to 3.5 Gy per fraction twice a week to a total dose of 41 to 50 Gy.

[Recommendations by the Swedish Quality Board for Carotid Surgery. Ultrasound good preoperative method for evaluating degree of carotid stenosis].

The estimated degree of carotid stenosis is decisive for the selection of patients who would benefit from surgical treatment. Carotid thrombendarterectomy is recommended in patients with symptomatic > or = 80 procent internal carotid artery stenosis (ECST method). Many vascular centers now often rely entirely on duplex ultrasonography to select the patients for carotid surgery.