Characterising clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the sinuses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

The role of Staphylococcus aureus in the pathogenesis of the chronic sinonasal disease chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), has not been definitively established. Comparative analyses of S. aureus isolates from CRS with those from control participants may offer insight into a possible pathogenic link between this organism and CRS.

Longitudinal analysis of sinus microbiota post endoscopic surgery in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study.

Background: Cystic fibrosis is a debilitating, autosomal recessive disease which results in chronic upper and lower airway infection and inflammation. In this study, four adult patients presenting with cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis were recruited. Culture and molecular techniques were employed to evaluate changes in microbial profiles, host gene expression and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the upper respiratory tract over time.

Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prescription Patterns and Associations With Patient Outcome and the Sinus Microbiota.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and debilitating inflammatory condition of the sinuses, afflicting 5% of the general population. Although antibiotics are frequently prescribed for the medical management of CRS, there is surprisingly little evidence to support their efficacy. In this study, we aimed to establish associations between medication usage, the sinus microbiota and patients' clinical outcomes.

Multiomic analysis identifies natural intrapatient temporal variability and changes in response to systemic corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: The pathophysiology and temporal dynamics of affected tissues in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain poorly understood. Here, we present a multiomics-based time-series assessment of nasal polyp biopsies from three patients with CRS, assessing natural variability over time and local response to systemic corticosteroid therapy.

Methods: Polyp tissue biopsies were collected at three time points over two consecutive weeks.

Longitudinal study of the bacterial and fungal microbiota in the human sinuses reveals seasonal and annual changes in diversity.

There is a pressing need for longitudinal studies which examine the stability of the sinonasal microbiota. In this study, we investigated bacterial and fungal community composition of the sinuses of four healthy individuals every month for one year, then once every three months for an additional year to capture seasonal variation. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 revealed communities that were mainly dominated by members of Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota, respectively.

Inflammatory Endotypes and Microbial Associations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

A complex mix of inflammatory and microbial associations underscores the chronic inflammatory condition chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and the etiology remains poorly understood. Recent work has begun to delineate between variants (endotypes) of CRS on the basis of inflammatory biomarkers. This study aimed to assess inflammatory patterns in CRS phenotypes, identify putative endotypes of CRS, and to assess inflammatory associations with the sinonasal microbiota.

The effect of medical treatments on the bacterial microbiome in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study.

Background: Antibiotics and corticosteroids are prescribed to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to reduce bacterial burden and mucosal inflammation. Unfortunately, clinical improvement is often short-lived and symptoms frequently recur following cessation of treatment. The impact of these systemic therapies on bacterial communities is not well understood.

Differentially Regulated Host Proteins Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Are Correlated with the Sinonasal Microbiome.

The chronic inflammatory nature of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) makes it a morbid condition for individuals with the disease and one whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. To date, proteomic approaches have been applied successfully in a handful of CRS studies. In this study we use a multifaceted approach, including proteomics (iTRAQ labeling) and microbiome (bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing) analyses of middle meatus swabs, as well as immune cell analysis of the underlying tissue, to investigate the host-microbe interaction in individuals with CRS ( = 10) and healthy controls ( = 9).

The in vitro mucolytic effect of xylitol and dornase alfa on chronic rhinosinusitis mucus.

Background: The overproduction and stagnation of purulent mucus impair mucociliary clearance and exacerbate the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). There is a clinical need for effective topical mucolytic agents to facilitate removal of mucus and improve postoperative outcomes.

Methods: The effects of xylitol (5%) and dornase alfa (1 mg/mL) on mucus and mucus crusts were investigated.

Evidence of microbiota dysbiosis in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Despite considerable research, the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains poorly understood. Potential microbial roles in the etiology or progression of CRS have long been hypothesized, yet few specific associations have been identified. In this study we investigate associations between patterns in resident bacterial communities and clinical variants of CRS.

Changes in the bacterial microbiome of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improves symptoms for many chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients by enlarging the size of sinus ostia, improving mucociliary clearance, and facilitating access for topical therapies. However, the effect of surgery on the sinonasal microbiota remains poorly understood. This study examined changes in bacterial communities in CRS patients before and after surgery.