Muscle Damage, Soreness, and Stress During Preseason Training in Collegiate Swimmers.

Background: In 2014, 6 collegiate swimmers were hospitalized for symptomatic exertional rhabdomyolysis.

Objective: To serially monitor and assess relationships between skeletal muscle membrane disruption, upper body soreness (UBS) and lower body soreness (LBS), and stress during the first 6 weeks (timepoints) of preseason training in collegiate male and female swimmers.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Dehydration is how you define it: comparison of 318 blood and urine athlete spot checks.

Unlabelled: Clinical medicine defines dehydration using blood markers that confirm hypertonicity (serum sodium concentration ([Na])>145 mmol/L) and intracellular dehydration. Sports medicine equates dehydration with a concentrated urine as defined by any urine osmolality (UOsm) ≥700 mOsmol/kgHO or urine specific gravity (USG) ≥1.020.

Rate of and factors affecting sonographic visualization of the appendix in asymptomatic children.

Reported sonographic visualization rates of the appendix in children are variable. Visualization rates may be affected by patient's age and various patients' physical characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of sonographic visualization of the appendix by pediatric sonographers, to assess factors that may affect visualization of the appendix, and to define the characteristics of the appendix and periappendiceal region in asymptomatic children.